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Title: Common names of a selected list of plants

Author: Kling L. Anderson

Clenton E. Owensby

Release date: August 15, 2023 [eBook #71408]

Language: English

Original publication: United States: Kansas State University of Agriculture and Applied Science, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1969

Credits: Carol Brown, Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COMMON NAMES OF A SELECTED LIST OF PLANTS ***

Technical Bulletin 117

Revised August 1969

Common Names

of a Selected List

of Plants

By

Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Kansas State University

of Agriculture and Applied Science

Manhattan

Floyd W. Smith, Director

CONTENTS

Page

Index to common names

4

Grasses

18

Sedges, rushes, and related genera

27

Ferns and related genera

28

Other monocots

29

Legumes

30

Other dicot forbs

35

Woody plants

55

Common species names and their English meanings

60

Common Names of a Selected List of Plants[1]

Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby[2]

Common names of plants often vary widely from place to place, even within rather limited areas. Frequently-occurring and widely-known species may have local names, or the same name may be used for several species. Common names, therefore, often fail to identify plants accurately. That makes it difficult to communicate about plants; the confusion may even discontinue attempts to convey ideas about the subject. Conversations may shift to a subject with an adequate common nomenclature.

Scientific names are essential in formal writing. When common names are to be used, as in less formal publications, scientific names must also be given either at the place where the common ones first appear in the paper, in a footnote, or in an appended list. Only scientific names identify the species for all readers. In completely informal writing for a broad area, scientific names may be omitted.

Since common names are so widely used, they should be used as uniformly as possible. The following common names are considered “standardized” for all writing in the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and may also be used as a guide in teaching. A single common name is given to each plant listed if it has such a name.

This list grew from an earlier Kansas list of grasses and legumes that emphasized chiefly range and pasture plants. It is extended here to include most plant families and genera that occur in Kansas and many species that do not necessarily occur in Kansas but may be important or closely related to those listed. Obviously, not all Kansas plants could be included, and therefore many minor plants have been omitted. Species not obviously important had to be somewhat arbitrary. Perhaps certain species listed could have been omitted and others not included might have been added. The list can, therefore, grow or be altered as need for change is shown. If further information on common names is needed, the Kelsey and Dayton 1942 edition of Standardized Plant Names[3] should be consulted.

Genus Common Names

In preparing this list, we attempted to give a single common name to each genus and to use it in connection with common names for each of the species listed under that genus. For example, brome for the genus, Bromus, and various species such as smooth brome and hairy brome. Thus, there are two words for species names. However, common names of some species are single words and may not bear the generic name at all; for example, switchgrass, curlymesquite, catchflygrass, darnel, needleandthread, berseem, and horsebean. Some genera have more than one common name, but in that case the genus is subdivided into different types, each with its own common name. For example, most species of the genus Panicum are called panicum, but certain others are witchgrass; Melica is melic, but bulbous species of that genus are called oniongrass; and Setaria is bristlegrass, but the name millet is applied to certain ones. Some poisonous species of Astragalus are called loco, but nonpoisonous ones are milkvetch and the selenium-gathering ones, poisonvetch. In a few cases the same common name is applied to two genera, but that generally occurs only when the genera involved are closely related. They may formerly have been considered a single genus.

The words tree, grass, bean, seed, etc. are combined with key words to make common names of many genera and species. Examples of the former are dropseed, cupgrass, tanglehead, peavine, wildindigo, coffeetree, and sensitivebriar; and of the latter, breadroot scurfpea, splitbeard bluestem, shortawn foxtail, and smoothseed wildbean. Hyphens are avoided except in a few cases where they are used to make spelling, meaning, or pronunciation more clearly understood. Some examples are s-curve threeawn, blue-eyedgrass, climbing-buckwheat, dutchmans-breeches, snow-on-the-mountain, fat-hen saltbrush, false-alyssum.

Species Common Names

The common name for an individual species is a contraction of the genus common name and, in most cases, a descriptive adjective for a particular species. An example is the common name for Bromus inermis The common name for the genus is brome and the descriptive adjective associated with the species name inermis is smooth, hence smooth brome is the common name for that species.

In many cases a satisfactory common name did not exist for a particular species, yet the species name’s English meaning described the plant well. Such plants were given common names based on the meaning of their species name. An example is Lygodesmia rostrata. It has no satisfactory common name. In this publication it is called beaked skeletonplant, based on the English meaning of rostrata and the accepted common name for the genus, skeletonplant.

Capitalization

In general, capitals are avoided for common plant names. They are not used where proper nouns are combined with such words as grass, tree, bean, etc., for example, bermudagrass, indiangrass, johnsongrass, but are used when the name is that of a country, state, or other place and is a separate word as in Virginia wildrye, Texas bean, California burclover, and Missouri milkvetch. They are not used, however, when the name is derived from a man’s name; for example, lambert crazyweed, dillen tickclover, chewings fescue, and lehmann lovegrass. Capitals are, of course, used for proper names of strains or varieties, but such usage is beyond the scope of this list. The few exceptions to all of these “rules” are dictated by firmly established usage.

Authorities

To identify each species as definitely as possible, authorities are given for scientific names. Authorities for grass names are from Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.[4] The others were compiled from various sources by Dr. L. C. Hulbert, Department of Botany, Kansas State University, chiefly from these sources: Gray’s Manual, 8th ed.,[5] The New Illustrated Britton and Brown,[6] and Harrington’s Manual.[7] Occasionally other sources were used for a few or for single species.

Since authorities were taken directly from the various sources without change, some differences in abbreviation occur. For example, Hitchcock’s manual abbreviates Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth as H.B.K., while most other manuals consulted use HBK. Certain other names may be spelled fully in one manual and abbreviated in others.

Common Name Sources

Several workers helped with selecting plants to be included and common names for them. For the most part, the common names are those used in Kelsey and Dayton, Standardized Plant Names (SPN).[8] However, common names of some species are so different and are so firmly entrenched in common usage that the names given in SPN could not be used in this list. An example is “broomsedge” for Andropogon virginicus. In SPN it is “yellowsedge bluestem,” a name never heard in the area this list serves.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is expressed to those who aided in selecting both plants and their common names:

The late F. W. Albertson, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

L. E. Anderson, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University, now at University of Missouri, Columbia

M. D. Atkins, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

J. K. Greig, Jr., Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

C. V. Hall, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

L. C. Hulbert, Division of Biology, Kansas State University

R. A. Keen, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

J. L. Launchbaugh, Kansas Branch Agricultural Experiment Station, Hays, Kansas

E. L. Mader, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

C. M. Schumacher, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

G. W. Tomanek, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

H. D. Wilkins, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

Special thanks go to Dr. John L. Launchbaugh for carefully editing the final draft.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Contribution No. 692, Department of Agronomy, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.

[2] Professor Emeritus and Agronomist, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station: and Instructor in Range and Pasture Management.

[3] Kelsey, H. P. and W. A. Dayton. 1942. Standardized Plant Names. J. Horace McFarland Co., Harrisburg, Pa.

[4] Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of Grasses of the U.S. USDA Misc. Publication 200 (Revised).

[5] Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th ed. American Book Co., New York.

[6] Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora. New York Botanical Garden (3 volumes).

[7] Harrington, H. D. 1954. Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver.

[8] Ibid.

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

Genera only are listed in this index except where the common species name differs from the common name of its genus and does not include the latter. Scientific names are also shown.

Common Name

Scientific Name

Page

Acacia

Acacia

30

Adderstongue

Ophioglossum

28

Agoseris, wavyleaf

Microseris cuspidata

47

Agrimony

Agrimonia

35

Alfalfa

Medicago

32

Alkaligrass

Puccinellia

25

Alumroot

Heuchera

44

Alyceclover

Alysicarpus

30

Amaranth

Amaranthus

35

Ammannia

Ammannia

35

Amorpha

Amorpha

30, 55

Amsonia

Amsonia

35

Anemone

Anemone

35

Antelopehorn

Asclepiodora

37

Apple

Pyrus

57

Arrowhead

Sagittaria

30

Ash

Fraxinus

57

Asparagus

Asparagus

29

Aster

Aster

37

Avens

Geum

43

Baccharis

Baccharis

56

Bagpod

Glottidium

31

Bahia

Bahia

37

Bahiagrass

Paspalum notatum

24

Barberry

Berberis

56

Barley

Hordeum

22

Barnyardgrass

Echinochloa crusgalli

21

Basketflower

Centaurea americana

38

Basswood

Tilia

59

Beachgrass

Ammophila

18

Beakgrain

Diarrhena

20

Bean

Phaseolus

33

Bedstraw

Galium

43

Beebalm

Monarda

48

Beet

Beta

37

Beggarticks

Bidens

37

Bellflower

Campanula

38

Bentgrass

Agrostis

18

Bergia

Bergia

37

Berlandiera

Berlandiera

37

Bermudagrass

Cynodon

20

Berseem

Trifolium alexandrinum

34

Berula

Berula

37

Betony

Stachys

53

Bindweed

Convolvulus

40

Birch

Betula

56

Birdwoodgrass

Cenchrus setigerus

20

Bittercress

Cardamine

38

Bittersweet

Celastrus

56

Bitterweed

Hymenoxys odorata

45

Blackberry

Rubus

58

Blackberrylily

Belamcanda

29

Blackeyedsusan

Rudbeckia hirta

51

Blackfoot

Melampodium

47

Bladderfern

Cystopteris

28

Bladdernut

Staphylea

59

Bladderpod

Lesquerella

46

Bladderwort

Utricularia

54

Bloodroot

Sanguinaria

52

Blowoutgrass

Redfieldia

25

Blue-eyedgrass

Sisyrinchium

30

Bluegrass

Poa

24

Bluehearts

Buchnera

38

Bluestem

Andropogon; Bothriochloa

18

Bluets

Houstonia

44

Blueweed

Echium vulgare

41

Boltonia

Boltonia

38

Boneset

Eupatorium perfoliatum

42

Bottlebrushgrass

Hystrix

22

Bouncingbet

Saponaria officinalis

52

Boxelder

Acer negundo

55

Bracken

Pteridium

28

Brickellia

Brickellia

38

Bristlegrass

Setaria

25

Broadbean

Vicia faba

34

Brome

Bromus

19

Broom

Cytisus

31, 56

Broomcorn

Sorghum bicolor var. technicum

25

Broomrape

Orobanche

49

Broomsedge

Andropogon virginicus

18

Broomweed

Gutierrezia dracunculoides

43

Browneyedsusan

Rudbeckia triloba

51

Browntopmillet

Panicum ramosum

23

Buckbrush

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus

59

Buckeye

Aesculus

55

Buckhorn

Plantago lanceolata

50

Buckthorn

Rhamnus

58

Buckwheat

Fagopyrum

42

Buffalogourd

Cucurbita foetidissima

40

Buffalograss

Buchloë

20

Buffelgrass

Pennisetum ciliare

24

Bugleweed

Lycopus

47

Bugseed

Corispermum nitidum

40

Bulbostylis

Bulbostylis

27

Bulrush

Scirpus

28

Bumelia

Bumelia

56

Bunchflower

Melanthium

29

Bundleflower

Desmanthus

31

Burclover

Medicago

32

Burcucumber

Sicyos

52

Burdock

Arctium

36

Burgrass

Tragus

26

Burhead

Echinodorus

29

Burnweed

Erechtites

41

Burragweed

Franseria tomentosa

42

Burreed

Sparganium

30

Burrograss

Scleropogon

25

Bursage

Franseria

42

Buttercup

Ranunculus

51

Butternut

Juglans cinerea

57

Buttonbush

Cephalanthus

56

Buttonweed

Diodia

41

Cabbage

Brassica oleracea

38

Calceolaria

Hybanthus

45

Caltrop

Kallstroemia

45

Camas

Camassia

29

Camomile

Anthemis

36

Camphorweed

Heterotheca

44

Canarygrass

Phalaris

24

Cane

Arundinaria

19

Cardinalflower

Lobelia cardinalis

47

Cardinalflower, western

Lobelia splendens

47

Carpetgrass

Axonopus

19

Carpetweed

Mollugo

48

Carrot

Daucus

41

Castorbean

Ricinus

51

Catalpa

Catalpa

56

Catchfly, sleepy

Silene antirrhina

52

Catchflygrass

Leersia lenticularis

22

Catnip

Nepeta cataria

48

Cattail

Typha

30

Ceanothus

Ceanothus

56

Centaurea

Centaurea

38

Centipedegrass

Eremochloa

21

Cerastium

Cerastium

38

Charlock

Brassica kaber

38

Cheat

Bromus secalinus

20

Cherry

Prunus

57

Chervil

Chaerophyllum

38

Chickencorn

Sorghum bicolor var. drummondii

25

Chickpea

Cicer

31

Chickweed

Stellaria media

54

Chicory

Cichorium

39

Chineselantern

Physalis lobata

50

Chloris

Chloris

20

Chokecherry

Prunus virginiana

57

Cholla

Opuntia

48

Christmasfern

Polystichum acrostichoides

29

Cinquefoil

Potentilla

51

Circaea

Circaea

39

Clammyweed

Polanisia

50

Clearweed

Pilea

50

Clematis

Clematis

39

Cleomella

Cleomella

39

Cliffbrake

Pellaea

28

Climbing-buckwheat

Polygonum convolvulus

50

Climbingmilkweed

Ampelamus albidus

35

Cloakfern

Notholaena

28

Clover

Trifolium

34

Cockle, white

Lychnis alba

47

Cocklebur

Xanthium

55

Cockspur

Echinochloa

21

Coffeetree

Gymnocladus

32, 57

Cogongrass

Imperata

22

Collinsia

Collinsia

39

Columbine

Aquilegia

36

Comandra

Comandra

39

Compassplant

Silphium laciniatum

53

Coneflower

Dracopis; Rudbeckia

41, 51

Conyza

Conyza

40

Copperleaf

Acalypha

35

Cordgrass

Spartina

25

Coreopsis

Coreopsis

40

Corkwing, mountain

Cymopterus montanus

40

Corn

Zea

26

Corncockle

Agrostemma

35

Cornflower

Centaurea cyanus

38

Cornsalad

Valerianella

54

Corydalis

Corydalis

40

Cotton

Gossypium

44

Cottontop

Trichachne

26

Cottonwood

Populus

57

Cowlily

Nuphar

48

Cowpea

Vigna

35

Crabapple

Pyrus

57

Crabgrass

Digitaria

20

Crazyweed

Oxytropis

33

Creeper

Parthenocissus

57

Cress, hoary

Cardaria draba

38

Cristatella

Cristatella

40

Crotalaria

Crotalaria

31

Croton

Croton

40

Crotonopsis

Crotonopsis

40

Crowfoot

Ranunculus

51

Crownbeard

Verbesina

55

Crownvetch

Coronilla

31

Cryptantha

Cryptantha

40

Cudweed

Gnaphalium

43

Culversphysic

Veronicastrum virginicum

55

Cupgrass

Eriochloa

21

Cuphea

Cuphea

40

Curlymesquite

Hilaria belangeri

22

Currant

Ribes

58

Cutgrass

Leersia

22

Cyclanthera

Cyclanthera

40

Cymopterus

Cymopterus

40

Dalea

Dalea

31

Dallisgrass

Paspalum dilatatum

24

Dandelion

Taraxacum

54

Danthonia

Danthonia

20

Darnel

Lolium temulentum

22

Datura

Datura

41

Dayflower

Commelina

29

Deathcamas

Zygadenus

30

Deervetch

Lotus

32

Devilsclaw

Proboscidea

51

Dewberry

Rubus

58

Dianthera

Justicia

45

Diaperia

Diaperia

41

Dicliptera

Dicliptera

41

Ditaxis

Ditaxis

41

Dock

Rumex

51

Dodder

Cuscuta

40

Dogbane

Apocynum

36

Dogtail

Cynosurus

20

Dogweed

Dyssodia

41

Dogwood

Cornus

56

Draba

Draba

41

Dropseed

Sporobolus

25

Ducksmeat

Spirodela

30

Duckweed

Lemna

29

Dutchmans-breeches

Dicentra cucullaria

41

Dutchmanspipe

Aristolochia

36

Dwarfdandelion

Krigia

45

Echinacea

Echinacea

41

Echinocereus

Echinocereus

41

Einkorn

Triticum monococcum

26

Elderberry

Sambucus

59

Elephantsfoot

Elephantopus

41

Ellisia

Ellisia

41

Elm

Ulmus

59

Elodea

Elodea

29

Emmer

Triticum dicoccum

26

Engelmanndaisy

Engelmannia

41

Eriogonum

Eriogonum

42

Eryngo

Eryngium

42

Erysimum

Erysimum

42

Eulophus

Perideridia

49

Euonymus

Euonymus

56

Eupatorium

Eupatorium

42

Euphorbia

Euphorbia

42

Eveningprimrose

Oënothera

48

Evolvulus

Evolvulus

42

False-alyssum

Berteroa

37

Falseboneset

Kuhnia eupatorioides

45

Falsebuffalograss

Munroa

23

Falsedandelion

Pyrrhopappus

51

Falseflax

Camelina

38

Falsegarlic

Nothoscordum

29

Falsegrape

Ampelopsis

55

Falsenettle

Boehmeria

38

Falsenightshade

Chamaesaracha

39

Falsepennyroyal

Hedeoma

44

Falsepimpernel

Lindernia

46

Fameflower

Talinum

54

Fawnlily

Erythronium

29

Feathergrass, New Mexico

Stipa neomexicana

26

Feathertop

Pennisetum villosum

24

Fenugreek

Trigonella foenum-graecum

34

Fescue

Festuca

21

Figwort

Scrophularia

52

Filaree

Erodium cicutarium

42

Filbert

Corylus

56

Fimbristylis

Fimbristylis

27

Fingergrass

Digitaria

20

Fireweed

Epilobium angustifolium

41

Flatsedge

Cyperus

27

Flaveria

Flaveria

42

Flax

Linum

46

Fleabane

Erigeron

41

Flowerofanhour

Hibiscus trionum

44

Fluffgrass

Tridens pulchellus

26

Fluxweed

Isanthus

45

Fogfruit, wedgeleaf

Lippia lanceolata

46

Forgetmenot

Myosotis

48

Fountaingrass

Pennisetum ruppelii

24

Four-o’clock

Mirabilis

48

Foxtail

Alopecurus

18

Fringeorchid

Habenaria

29

Fuirena

Fuirena

27

Funnellily

Androstephium

29

Gaillardia

Gaillardia

43

Galleta

Hilaria jamesii

22

Galleta, big

Hilaria rigida

22

Gamagrass

Tripsacum

26

Garlic

Allium

29

Garlicmustard

Alliaria

35

Gaura

Gaura

43

Gayfeather

Liatris

46

Gentian

Gentiana

43

Geranium

Geranium

43

Gerardia

Gerardia

43

Germander

Teucrium

54

Ghostpipe

Orobanche uniflora

49

Gianthyssop

Agastache

35

Giantreed

Arundo

19

Gilia

Gilia

43

Ginkgo

Ginkgo

57

Globemallow

Sphaeralcea

53

Goatgrass

Aegilops

18

Goldaster

Chrysopsis

39

Goldenrod

Solidago

53

Goldenweed

Haplopappus

44

Goldstargrass

Hypoxis hirsuta

29

Gooseberry

Ribes

58

Goosefoot

Chenopodium

39

Goosegrass

Eleusine

21

Grama

Bouteloua

19

Grape

Vitis

59

Greasewood

Sarcobatus

59

Greenbriar

Smilax

30

Greenthread

Thelesperma

54

Gromwell

Lithospermum

46

Groundcherry

Physalis

49

Groundivy

Glechoma hederacea

43

Groundsel

Senecio

52

Guineagrass

Panicum maximum

23

Gumweed

Grindelia

43

Hackberry

Celtis

56

Hairgrass

Aira; Deschampsia

18, 20

Hairsedge bulbstyle

Bulbostylis cappillaris

27

Hardinggrass

Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera

24

Haresear

Conringia

40

Hawkweed

Hieracium

44

Hawthorn

Crataegus

56

Hazel

Corylus

56

Hedgehyssop

Gratiola

43

Hedgemustard

Sisymbrium officinale

53

Heliopsis

Heliopsis

44

Heliotrope

Heliotropium

44

Hemicarpha

Hemicarpha

28

Hemp

Cannabis

38

Henbit

Lamium amplexicaule

46

Hibiscus

Hibiscus

44

Hickory

Carya

56

Hilaria

Hilaria

22

Hoarhound

Marrubium

47

Hogpeanut

Amphicarpa

30

Holly

Ilex

57

Hollyfern

Polystichum

28

Honeylocust

Gleditsia

31, 57

Honeysuckle

Lonicera

47, 57

Hop

Humulus

45

Hophornbeam

Ostrya

57

Hoptree

Ptelea

57

Hornwort

Ceratophyllum

38

Horsebean

Vicia faba var. equina

34

Horsegentian

Triosteum

54

Horsenettle

Solanum carolinense

53

Horseradish

Armoracia lapathifolia

36

Horsetail

Equisetum

28

Horseweed

Conyza canadensis

40

Houndstongue

Cynoglossum

40

Hyacinthbean

Dolichos

31

Hymenopappus

Hymenopappus

45

Hymenoxys

Hymenoxys

45

Hyparrhenia

Hyparrhenia

22

Indiangrass

Sorghastrum

25

Indianplantain

Cacalia

38

Indigo

Indigofera

32

Iris

Iris

29

Ironplant

Haplopappus spinulosus

44

Ironweed

Vernonia

55

Isopyrum

Isopyrum

45

Jackinthepulpit

Arisaema

29

Japanesemillet

Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea

21

Jaragua

Hyparrhenia rufa

22

Jerusalemartichoke

Helianthus tuberosus

44

Jimsonweed

Datura stramonium

41

Jobstears

Coix

20

Joepyeweed

Eupatorium

42

Johnnyjumpup

Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii

55

Johnsongrass

Sorghum halepense

25

Jointtail

Manisuris

22

Junegrass

Koeleria

22

Juniper

Juniperus

57

Kale

Brassica oleracea var. acephala

38

Kidneyvetch

Anthyllis

30

Kikuyugrass

Pennisetum clandestinum

24

Knapweed, Russian

Centaurea repens

38

Knotgrass

Paspalum distichum

24

Knotweed

Polygonum

50

Kochia

Kochia

45

Krameria

Krameria

45

Kudzu

Pueraria

33

Kuhnia

Kuhnia

45

Lacegrass

Eragrostis capillaris

21

Ladiestresses

Spiranthes

30

Ladyslipper

Cypripedium

29

Lambsquarters

Chenopodium album

39

Larkspur

Delphinium

41

Lawngrass, Japanese

Zoysia japonica

26

Leadplant

Amorpha canescens

30, 55

Lentil

Lens

32

Lespedeza

Lespedeza

32, 57

Lettuce

Lactuca

46

Licorice

Glycyrrhiza

32

Lilac

Syringa

59

Lily

Lilium

29

Linden

Tilia

59

Lionsheart

Physostegia

50

Lipfern

Cheilanthes

28

Lippia

Lippia

46

Lobelia

Lobelia

47

Loco

Astragalus

30

Locust

Robinia

34, 58

Lomatium

Lomatium

47

Longtom

Paspalum lividum

24

Loosestrife

Lysimachia

47

Lophotocarpus

Lophotocarpus

29

Lopseed

Phryma

49

Lotus

Nelumbo

48

Lovegrass

Eragrostis

21

Lupine

Lupinus

32

Lythrum

Lythrum

47

Macuillamia

Bacopa

37

Maidenhairfern

Adiantum

28

Malacothrix

Malacothrix

47

Mallow

Malva

47

Mamillaria

Mamillaria

47

Manillagrass

Zoysia matrella

26

Mannagrass

Glyceria

22

Maple

Acer

55

Marbleseed

Onosmodium

48

Marshfern

Dryopteris thelypteris

28

Mascarenegrass

Zoysia tenuifolia

26

Matgrass

Nardus

23

Matrimonyvine

Lycium halimifolium

57

Mayapple

Podophyllum

50

Meadowrue

Thalictrum

54

Medic

Medicago

32

Melic

Melica

22

Mentzelia

Mentzelia

47

Mesquite

Prosopis

33, 57

Milkvetch

Astragalus

30

Milkweed

Asclepias

36

Millet

Panicum; Setaria

25

Mint

Mentha

47

Mitchellgrass

Astrebla

19

Mockbishopweed

Ptilimnium

51

Mockcucumber

Echinocystis

41

Molassesgrass

Melinis

22

Moneywort

Lysimachia nummularia

47

Monkeyflower

Mimulus

47

Monolepis

Monolepis

48

Moonseed

Menispermum

47

Morningglory

Ipomoea

45

Motherwort

Leonurus

46

Mountainash

Sorbus

59

Mountainmint

Pycnanthemum

51

Mousetail

Myosurus

48

Mudplantain

Heteranthera

29

Muhly

Muhlenbergia

22

Mulberry

Morus

57

Mullein

Verbascum

54

Muskthistle

Carduus nutans

38

Mustard

Brassica

38

Naiad

Najas

29

Nailwort

Paronychia

49

Napiergrass

Pennisetum purpureum

24

Nasturtium

Nasturtium

48

Natalgrass

Rhynchelytrum roseum

25

Needleandthread

Stipa comata

26

Needlegrass

Stipa

26

Nemastylis

Nemastylis

29

Nepeta

Nepeta

48

Nettle

Urtica

54

Nightshade

Solanum

53

Nimblewill

Muhlenbergia schreberi

23

Nitgrass

Gastridium

22

Noseburn

Tragia

54

Nutgrass

Cyperus

27

Oak

Quercus

58

Oakleech

Dasistoma

41

Oat

Avena

19

Oatgrass

Arrhenatherum

19

Okra

Hibiscus esculentus

44

Onion

Allium

29

Oniongrass

Melica

22

Orach, tumbling

Atriplex rosea

37

Orchardgrass

Dactylis

20

Orcuttia

Orcuttia

23

Oregongrape

Mahonia aquifolium

57

Osageorange

Maclura

57

Othake

Palafoxia

49

Oxalis

Oxalis

49

Oxeyedaisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

39

Paintbrush

Castilleja

38

Paleseed

Conobea

40

Pampasgrass

Cortaderia

20

Pangolagrass

Digitaria decumbens

20

Panicum

Panicum

23

Paperflower

Psilostrophe

51

Pappusgrass

Pappophorum

24

Paragrass

Panicum purpurascens

23

Parrotfeather

Myriophyllum

48

Parsnip

Pastinaca

49

Parthenium

Parthenium

49

Partridgepea

Cassia

31

Paspalum

Paspalum

24

Pawpaw

Asimina

55

Pea

Pisum

33

Peanut

Arachis

30

Pear

Pyrus communis

57

Pearlmillet

Pennisetum glaucum

24

Pearlwort

Sagina

52

Peashrub

Caragana

31, 56

Peavine

Lathyrus

32

Pecan

Carya illinoensis

56

Pectis

Pectis

49

Pedicularis

Pedicularis

49

Pellitory

Parietaria

49

Pencilflower

Stylosanthes

34

Pennisetum

Pennisetum

24

Pennycress

Thlaspi

54

Penstemon

Penstemon

49

Penthorum

Penthorum

49

Peppergrass

Lenidium densiflorum

46

Pepperweed

Lepidium

46

Pepperwort

Marsilea

28

Perilla

Perilla

49

Persimmon

Diospyros

56

Phacelia

Phacelia

49

Phlox

Phlox

49

Pigeonpea

Cajanus

31

Pigweed

Amaranthus

35

Pimpernel

Anagallis

35

Pinedropseed

Blepharoneuron

19

Pinegrass

Calamagrostis rubescens

20

Pinweed

Lechea

46

Plantain

Plantago

50

Plum

Prunus

57

Plumegrass

Erianthus

21

Poisonhemlock

Conium maculatum

40

Poisonivy

Rhus radicans

58

Poisonvetch

Astragalus

30

Pokeberry

Phytolacca

50

Polemonium

Polemonium

50

Polygala

Polygala

50

Polypogon

Polypogon

25

Polytaenia

Polytaenia

50

Pondweed

Potamogeton

29

Poolmat

Zannichellia

30

Poplar

Populus

57

Poppymallow

Callirhoë

38

Porcupinegrass

Stipa spartea

26

Portulaca

Portulaca

50

Potato

Solanum tuberosum

53

Potatobean

Apios

30

Prairieclover

Petalostemum

33

Prairieconeflower

Ratibida

51

Prairiegentian

Eustoma

42

Pricklyash

Xanthoxylum

59

Pricklypear

Opuntia

48

Pricklypoppy

Argemone

36

Princesplume

Stanleya

53

Proso

Panicum miliaceum

23

Puncturevine

Tribulus

54

Purplerocket

Iodanthus

45

Purpletop

Tridens flavus

26

Purslane

Portulaca

50

Pussytoes

Antennaria

35

Quackgrass

Agropyron repens

18

Quakinggrass

Briza

19

Quickweed

Galinsoga

43

Quillwort

Isoëtes

28

Rabbitbrush

Chrysothamnus

56

Radish

Raphanus

51

Ragweed

Ambrosia

35

Rainlily

Cooperia

29

Rape

Brassica rapa

38

Raspberry

Rubus

58

Rattlesnakefern

Botrychium

28

Rattlesnakeroot

Prenanthes

51

Ravennagrass

Erianthus ravennae

21

Razorsedge

Scleria

28

Redbud

Cercis

31, 56

Redcedar

Juniperus virginiana

57

Redtop

Agrostis alba

18

Reed

Phragmites

24

Reedgrass

Calamagrostis

20

Rhodesgrass

Chloris gayana

20

Rhubarb

Rheum

51

Rice

Oryza

23

Ricegrass

Oryzopsis

23

Ricegrass, Mandan

X Striporyzopsis caduca

26

Ringwing

Cycloloma

40

Rockcress

Arabis

36

Rocket

Hesperis

44

Rocketsalad

Eruca

42

Rockjasmine

Androsace

35

Rose

Rosa

58

Rosegentian

Sabatia

52

Rosemallow

Hibiscus

44

Rosinweed

Silphium

53

Rotala

Rotala

51

Ruellia

Ruellia

51

Rush

Juncus

28

Rushpea

Hoffmanseggia

32

Russianolive

Elaeagnus

56

Russianthistle

Salsola

52

Rutabaga

Brassica rapa

38

Rye

Secale

25

Ryegrass

Lolium

22

Sacaton

Sporobolus

25, 26

Safflower

Carthamus

38

Sage

Salvia

52

Sagebrush

Artemisia

36, 55

Sagewort

Artemisia

36

Sainfoin

Onobrychis

33

Salsify

Tragopogon

54

Saltbush

Atriplex

37, 55

Saltgrass

Distichlis

21

Samolus

Samolus

52

Sandbur

Cenchrus

20

Sandgrass

Triplasis

26

Sandreed

Calamovilfa

20

Sandverbena

Abronia

35

Sandwort

Arenaria

36

Sanicle

Sanicula

52

Sassafras

Sassafras

59

Scouringrush

Equisetum

28

Scurfpea

Psoralea

33

Seablite

Suaeda

54

Sedge

Carex

27

Seedbox

Ludwigia

47

Seepweed

Suaeda

54

Selenia

Selenia

52

Selfheal

Prunella

51

Senna

Cassia

31

Sensitivebriar

Schrankia

34

Sensitivefern

Onoclea

28

Serradella

Ornithopus

33

Serviceberry

Amelanchier

55

Sesame

Sesamum

52

Sesbania

Sesbania

34

Shepherdspurse

Capsella

38

Shootingstar

Dodecatheon

41

Sicklepod

Arabis canadensis

36

Sida

Sida

52

Silene

Silene

52

Silvergrass

Miscanthus

22

Sisymbrium

Sisymbrium

53

Skeletongrass

Gymnopogon

22

Skeletonplant

Lygodesmia

47

Skullcap

Scutellaria

52

Sleepygrass

Stipa robusta

26

Sloughgrass

Beckmannia

19

Smartweed

Polygonum

50

Smilograss

Oryzopsis miliacea

23

Smutgrass, rattail

Sporobolus poiretii

26

Snailseed

Cocculus

39

Snakecotton

Froelichia

43

Snakeroot, white

Eupatorium rugosum

42

Snakeweed

Gutierrezia

43, 57

Snapweed

Impatiens

45

Sneezeweed

Helenium

44

Snowberry

Symphoricarpos

59

Snow-on-the-mountain

Euphorbia marginata

42

Soapberry

Sapindus

59

Soapweed

Yucca

30, 59

Soapwort

Saponaria

52

Solomonplume

Smilacina

30

Solomonseal

Polygonatum

29

Sophora

Sophora

34

Sorghum

Sorghum

25

Sorrel

Rumex

51

Sowthistle

Sonohus

53

Soybean

Glycine

31

Spanishneedles

Bidens bipinnata

37

Speedwell

Veronica

55

Spermolepis

Spermolepis

53

Spiderflower

Cleome

39

Spiderwort

Tradescantia

30

Spikesedge

Eleocharis

27

Spleenwort

Aspleninum

28

Sprangletop

Leptochloa

22

Springbeauty

Claytonia

39

Spurge

Euphorbia

42

Squirreltail

Sitanion

25

St. augustinegrass

Stenotaphrum

26

St. johnswort

Hypericum

45

Stargrass

Cynodon plectostachyum

20

Stenosiphon

Stenosiphon

54

Stickseed

Hackelia; Lappula

44, 46

Stillingia

Stillingia

54

Stinkgrass

Eragrostis cilianensis

21

Stonecrop

Sedum

52

Strawberry

Fragaria

42

Sudangrass

Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense

25

Sugarcane

Saccharum

25

Sulla

Hedysarum

32

Sumac

Rhus

58

Sumpweed

Iva

45

Sunflower

Helianthus

44

Sunrose

Helianthemum

44

Sweetclover

Melilotus

33

Sweetflag

Acorus

29

Sweetpea

Lathyrus odoratus

32

Sweetpotato

Ipomoea batatas

45

Sweetroot

Osmorhiza

49

Switchgrass

Panicum virgatum

24

Sycamore

Platanus

57

Taenidia

Taenidia

54

Tamarisk

Tamarix

59

Tangierpea

Lathyrus tingitanus

32

Tanglehead

Heteropogon

22

Tansy

Tanacetum

54

Tansymustard

Descurainia

41

Teff

Eragrostis tef

21

Teosinte

Euchlaena

21

Tephrosia

Tephrosia

34

Thaspium

Thaspium

54

Thatchgrass

Hyparrhenia hirta

22

Themeda

Themeda

26

Thermopsis

Thermopsis

34

Thimbleberry, fragrant

Rubus odoratus

58

Thistle

Cirsium

39

Threeawn

Aristida

19

Tickclover

Desmodium

31

Tickseed

Corispermum

40

Tidestromia

Tidestromia

54

Timothy

Phleum

24

Toadflax

Linaria

46

Tobacco

Nicotiana

48

Tobosa

Hilaria mutica

22

Tomato

Lycopersicum

47

Toothwort

Dentaria

41

Torpedograss

Panicum repens

23

Tovara

Tovara

54

Townsendia

Townsendia

54

Treeofheaven

Ailanthus

55

Trefoil

Lotus

32

Trichloris

Trichloris

26

Tridens

Tridens

26

Trigonella

Trigonella

34

Trisetum

Trisetum

26

Trumpetcreeper

Campsis

56

Tumblegrass

Schedonnardus

25

Tumblemustard

Sisymbrium altissimum

53

Tumbleweed

Amaranthus graecizans

35

Turnip

Brassica napus

38

Uniola

Uniola

26

Vaseygrass

Paspalum urvillei

24

Velvetbean

Stizolobium

34

Velvetgrass

Holcus

22

Velvetleaf

Abutilon theophrasti

35

Venuslookingglass

Specularia

53

Verbena

Verbena

54

Vernalgrass

Anthoxanthum

18

Vetch

Vicia

34

Viburnum

Viburnum

59

Vinemesquite

Panicum obtusum

23

Violet

Viola

55

Virginsbower

Clematis virginiana

39

Wahoo, eastern

Euonymus atropurpureus

56

Walkingfern

Camptosorus

28

Walnut

Juglans

57

Watercress

Rorippa

51

Waterhemlock

Cicuta

39

Waterhemp

Acnida

35

Waterhyssop, disk

Bacopa rotundifolia

37

Waterleaf

Hydrophyllum

45

Waterlily

Nymphaea

48

Waterplantain

Alisma

29

Waterprimrose

Jussiaea

45

Waterstarwort

Callitriche

38

Wedgescale

Sphenopholis

25

Westerndaisy

Astranthium

37

Wheat

Triticum

26

Wheatgrass

Agropyron

18

Whitegrass

Leersia virginica

22

Widgeongrass

Ruppia

30

Wildbean

Strophostyles

34

Wildginger

Asarum

36

Wildindigo

Baptisia

31

Wildrice

Zizania; Zizaniopsis

26

Wildrye

Elymus

21

Willow

Salix

58

Willowweed

Epilobium

41

Windmillgrass

Chloris verticillata

20

Wingstem

Verbesina alternifolia

55

Wintercress

Barbarea

37

Winterfat

Eurotia

56

Wirelettuce

Stephanomeria

54

Wisteria

Wisteria

35, 59

Witchgrass

Leptoloma; Panicum

22, 23

Witchweed

Striga lutea

54

Wolffia

Wolffia

30

Wolftail

Lycurus

22

Woodfern

Dryopteris

28

Woodnettle

Laportea

46

Woodreed

Cinna

20

Woodsia

Woodsia

28

Yam

Dioscorea

29

Yarrow

Achillea

35

Yerbadetajo

Eclipta alba

41

Zinnia

Zinnia

55

Zizia

Zizia

55

Zoysia

Zoysia

26

GRASSES

Aegilops cylindrica Host

goatgrass

Agropyron Gaertn.

wheatgrass

cristatum[9] (L.) Gaertn.

fairway w.

dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.

thickspike w.

desertorum[9] (Fisch.) Schult.

crested w.

elongatum[10] (Host) Beauv.

tall w.

inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb.

beardless w.

intermedium[11] (Host) Beauv.

intermediate w.

repens (L.) Beauv.

quackgrass

riparium Scribn. & Smith

streambank w.

semicostatum (Steud.) Nees ex Boiss.

drooping w.

sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv.

Siberian w.

smithii Rydb.

western w.

spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith

bluebunch w.

subsecundum (Link) Hitchc.

bearded w.

trachycaulum (Link) Malte

slender w.

trichophorum[11] (Link) Richt.

pubescent w.

Agrostis L.

bentgrass

alba L.

redtop

canina L.

velvet b.

diegoensis Vasey

thin b.

exarata Trin.

spike b.

hiemalis (Walt.) B.S.P.

winter b.

palustris Huds.

creeping b.

tenuis Sibth.

colonial b.

var. aristata       (Parnell) Druce

awned c. b.

Aira caryophyllea L.

silver hairgrass

Alopecurus L.

foxtail

aequalis Sobol.

shortawn f.

arundinaceus Poir.

creeping f.

carolinianus Walt.

Carolina f.

myosuroides Huds.

mouse f.

pratensis L.

meadow f.

Ammophila Host

beachgrass

arenaria (L.) Link

European b.

breviligulata Fernald

American b.

Andropogon L.

bluestem

barbinodis Lag.

cane b.

elliotti Chapm.

elliott b.

gerardi Vitman

big b.

glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P.

bushy b.

hallii Hack.

sand b.

intermedius R. Brown[12]

caucasian b.

ischaemum L.[13]

Turkestan b.

nodosus (Willem.) Nash

angleton b.

perforatus Trin. ex Fourn.

pinhole b.

saccharoides Swartz

silver b.

scoparius Michx.

little b.

tener (Nees) Kunth

slender b.

ternarius Michx.

splitbeard b.

virginicus L.

broomsedge

Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

sweet vernalgrass

Aristida L.

threeawn

adscensionis L.

sixweeks t.

arizonica Vasey

Arizona t.

basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey

forktip t.

curtissii (A. Gray) Nash

curtiss t.

desmantha Trin. & Rupr.

curly t.

dichotoma Michx.

churchmouse t.

divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.

poverty t.

fendleriana Steud.

fendler t.

intermedia Scribn. & Ball

kearney t.

longespica Poir.

slimspike t.

longiseta Steud.

red t.

oligantha Michx.

prairie t.

orcuttiana Vasey

single t.

purpurascens Poir.

arrowfeather t.

purpurea Nutt.

purple t.

ramosissima Engelm. ex A. Gray

s-curve t.

wrightii Nash

wright t.

Arrhenatherum Beauv.

oatgrass

elatius (L.) Presl

tall o.

var. bulbosum       (Willd.) Spenner

tuber o.

Arundinaria Michx.

cane

gigantea (Walt) Muhl.

giant c.

tecta (Walt) Muhl.

switch c.

Arundo donax L.

giantreed

Astrebla pectinata F.v.M.[14]

mitchellgrass

Avena L.

oat

barbata Brot.

slender o.

byzantina C. Koch

red o.

fatua L.

wild o.

nuda L.

naked o.

sativa L.

common o.

Axonopus affinis Chase

carpetgrass

Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald

American sloughgrass

Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash

pinedropseed

Bouteloua Lag.

grama

barbata Lag.

sixweeks g.

chondrosioides (H.B.K.) Benth. ex S. Wats.

sprucetop g.

curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.

sideoats g.

eriopoda (Torr.) Torr.

black g.

filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths

slender g.

gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.

blue g.

hirsuta Lag.

hairy g.

rothrockii Vasey

rothrock g.

Briza L.

quakinggrass

maxima L.

big q.

media L.

perennial q.

minor L.

little q.

Bromus L.

brome

arenarius Labill.

Australian b.

arvensis L.

field b.

brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey.

rattle b.

carinatus[15] Hook. & Arn.

mountain b.

catharticus Vahl.

rescue b.

ciliatus[16] L.

fringed b.

commutatus Schrad.

hairy b.

erectus Huds.

meadow b.

frondosus (Shear) Woot. & Standl.

weeping b.

inermis Leyss.

smooth b.[17]

japonicus Thunb.

Japanese b.

madritensis L.

Spanish b.

mollis L.

soft b.

purgans L.

Canada b.

racemosus L.

bald b.

rigidus Roth

ripgut b.

rubens L.

red b.

secalinus L.

cheat

stamineus[18] E. Desv.

harlan b.

sterilis L.

poverty b.

tectorum L.

downy b.

tomentellus[18] Boiss.

Russian b.

vulgaris (Hook.) Shear

Columbia b.

Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.

buffalograss

Calamagrostis Adans.

reedgrass

canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.

bluejoint r.

epigeios (L.) Roth

chee r.

inexpansa A. Gray

northern r.

rubescens Buckl.

pinegrass

Calamovilfa Hack.

sandreed

gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.

big s.

longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.

prairie s.

Cenchrus L.

sandbur

myosuroides H.B.K.

big s.

pauciflorus Benth.

sandbur

setigerus[19] Vahl

birdwoodgrass

Chloris Swartz

chloris; windmillgrass[20]

distichophylla Lag.

weeping c.

gayana Kunth

rhodesgrass

verticillata Nutt.

windmillgrass

virgata Swartz

showy c.

Cinna arundinacea L.

stout woodreed

Coix lacryma-jobi L.

jobstears

Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Aschers. & Graebn.

pampasgrass

Cynodon L. Rich.

bermudagrass

dactylon (L.) Pers.

bermudagrass

plectostachyum[19] (Schum.) Pilger

stargrass

transvaalensis Burtt-Davy

African b.

Cynosurus cristatus L.

crested dogtail

Dactylis glomerata L.

orchardgrass

Danthonia Lam. & DC.

danthonia

californica Boland.

California d.

intermedia Vasey

timber d.

pilosa R. Br.

hairy d.

spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.

poverty d.

Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.

tufted hairgrass

Diarrhena americana Beauv.

American beakgrain

Digitaria Heister

crabgrass; fingergrass[21]

decumbens Stent

pangolagrass

filiformis (L.) Koel.

slender f.

ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.

smooth c.

sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

crabgrass

Distichlis Raf.

saltgrass

spicata (L.) Greene

seashore s.

stricta (Torr.) Rydb.

inland s.

Echinochloa Beauv.

cockspur

crusgalli (L.) Beauv.

barnyardgrass

var. frumentacea       (Roxb.) W. F. Wight

japanesemillet

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

goosegrass

Elymus L.

wildrye

arenanius L.

European dune w.

canadensis L.

Canada w.

caput-medusae L.

medusahead w.

chinensis (Trin.) Keng [A. pseudo-agropyron (Griseb.) Franch.][22]

Chinese w.

cinereus Scribn. & Merr.

basin w.

condensatus Presl

giant w.

giganteus Vahl

mammoth w.

glaucus Buckl.

blue w.

junceus[22] Fish.

Russian w.

macounii Vasey

macoun w.

triticoides Buckl.

beardless w.

villosus Muhl.

hairy w.

virginicus L.

Virginia w.

Eragrostis Beauv.

lovegrass

barrelieri Daveau

Mediterranean l.

capillaris (L.) Nees

lacegrass

chloromelas Steud.

boer l.

cilianensis (All.) Lutati

stinkgrass

curtipedicellata Buckl.

gummy l.

curvula (Schrad.) Nees

weeping l.

frankii C. A. Meyer ex Steud.

sandbar l.

hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P.

teal l.

intermedia Hitchc.

plains l.

lehmanniana Nees

lehmann l.

oxylepis (Torr.) Torr. (not E. secundiflora Presl as shown in older manuals)

red l.

pectinacea (Michx.) Nees

Carolina l.

pilosa (L.) Beauv.

India l.

poaeoides Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.

little l.

secundiflora Presl (see E. oxylepis)

sessilispica Buckl.

tumble l.

spectabilis (Pursh) Steud.

purple l.

tef (Zuccagni) Trotter

teff

trichodes (Nutt.) Wood

sand l.

Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.

centipedegrass

Erianthus Michx.

plumegrass

ravennae (L.) Beauv.

ravennagrass

Eriochloa contracta Hitchc.

prairie cupgrass

Euchlaena mexicana Schrad.

teosinte

Festuca L.

fescue

arizonica Vasey

Arizona f.

arundinacea Schreb.

tall f.

elatior L.

meadow f.

idahoensis Elmer

Idaho f.

megalura Nutt.

foxtail f.

myuros L.

rattail f.

obtusa Bieler

nodding f.

octoflora Walt.

sixweeks f.

ovina L.

sheep f.

var. duriuscula       (L.) Koch

hard f.

paradoxa Desv.

cluster f.

rubra L.

red f.

var. commutata       Gaud.

chewings f.

scabrella Torr.

rough f.

thurberi Vasey

thurber f.

viridula Vasey

green f.

Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell.

nitgrass

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.

fowl mannagrass

Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P.

bearded skeletongrass

Heteropogon Pers.

tanglehead

contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.

tanglehead

melanocarpus (Ell.) Benth.

sweet t.

Hilaria H.B.K.

hilaria

belangeri (Steud.) Nash

curlymesquite

jamesii (Torr.) Benth.

galleta

mutica (Buckl.) Benth.

tobosa

rigida (Thurb.) Benth.

big galleta

Holcus lanatus L.

velvetgrass

Hordeum L.

barley

brachyantherum Nevski

northern-meadow b.

jubatum L.

foxtail b.

var. caespitosum       (Scribn.) Hitchc.

bobtail b.

nodosum L.[23]

meadow b.

pusillum Nutt.

little b.

vulgare L.

barley

Hyparrhenia Anderss. ex Stapf

hyparrhenia

hirta (L.) Stapf

thatchgrass

rufa (Nees) Stapf

jaragua

Hystrix patula Moench

bottlebrushgrass

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.

cogongrass

Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.

prairie junegrass

Leersia Swartz

cutgrass

lenticularis Michx.

catchflygrass

oryzoides (L.) Swartz

rice c.

virginica Willd.

whitegrass

Leptochloa Beauv.

sprangletop

dubia (H.B.K.) Nees

green s.

fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray

bearded s.

filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.

red s.

Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase

fall witchgrass

Lolium L.

ryegrass

multiflorum Lam.

Italian r.

perenne L.

perennial r.

temulentum L.

darnel

Lycurus phleoides H.B.K.

wolftail

Manisuris L.

jointtail

cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze

Carolina j.

tuberculosa Nash

Florida j.

Melica L.

melic; oniongrass[24]

bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult.

oniongrass

imperfecta Trin.

coastrange m.

mutica Walt.

twoflower m.

nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper

threeflower m.

porteri Scribn.

porter m.

Melinis minutiflora Beauv.

molassesgrass

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.

Chinese silvergrass

Muhlenbergia Schreb.

muhly

andina (Nutt.) Hitchc.

foxtail m.

arenicola Buckl.

sand m.

asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi

alkali m.

brachyphylla Bush

nodding m.

capillaris (Lam.) Trin.

hairawn m.

cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb.

plains m.

filiformis (Thurb.) Rydb.

pullup m.

foliosa (Roem. & Schult.) Trin.[25]

leafy m.

frondosa (Poir.) Fernald

wirestem m.

var. mexicana (L.) Trin. forma commutata (Scribn.) Fernald (based on M. mexicana subsp. commutata       Scribn.)

bearded w. m.

montana (Nutt.) Hitchc.

mountain m.

porteri Scribn.

porter m.

pungens Thurb.

sandhill m.

racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P.

green m.

schreberi Gmel.

nimblewill

sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin.

rock m.

squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb.[26]

mat m.

sylvatica (Torr.) Torr.

forest m.

torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush

ring m.

wrightii Vasey

spike m.

Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr.

falsebuffalograss

Nardus stricta L.

matgrass

Orcuttia Vasey

orcuttia

Oryza sativa L.

rice

Oryzopsis Michx.

ricegrass

hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker

Indian r.

miliacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. ex Aschers. & Schweinf.

smilograss

Panicum L.

panicum; witchgrass

agrostoides Spreng.

redtop p.

anceps Michx.

beaked p.

antidotale Retz.

blue p.

bulbosum H.B.K.

bulb p.

capillare L.

common w.

var. occidentale       Rydb.

cushion w.

depauperatum Muhl.

stunted p.

dichotomiflorum Michx.

fall p.

gatttingeri Nash

gattinger w.

hillmani Chase

hillman p.

huachucae Ashe

huachuca p.

latifolium L.

wideleaf p.

leibergii (Vasey) Scribn.

leiberg p.

lindheimeri Nash

lindheimer p.

linearifolium Scribn.

slimleaf p.

malacophyllum Nash

softleaf p.

maximum Jacq.

guineagrass

miliaceum L.

proso

obtusum H.B.K.

vinemesquite

perlongum Nash

elongate p.

praecocius Hitchc. & Chase

early p.

purpurascens Raddi

paragrass

ramosum L.

browntopmillet

repens L.

torpedograss

scoparium Lam.

velvet p.

scribnerianum Nash

scribner p.

sphaerocarpon Ell.

roundseed p.

tennesseense Ashe

Tennessee p.

texanum Buckl.

Texas p.

villosissimum Nash

hairy p.

virgatum L.

switchgrass

werneri Scribn.

werner p.

wilcoxianum Vasey

wilcox p.

Pappophorum mucronulatum Nees

pappusgrass

Paspalum L.

paspalum

ciliatifolium Michx.

fringeleaf p.

circulare Nash

roundseed p.

dilatatum Poir.

dallisgrass

distichum L.

knotgrass

floridanum Michx.

Florida p.

var. glabratum       Engelm. ex Vasey

smooth F. p.

fluitans (Ell.) Kunth

horsetail p.

laeve Michx.

field p.

lividum Trin.

longtom

malacophyllum Trin.

ribbed p.

notatum Flügge

bahiagrass

plicatulum Michx.

brownseed p.

pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn.

hairyseed p.

repens Bergius[27]

horsetail p.

stramineum Nash

sand p.

urvillei Steud.

vaseygrass

Pennisetum L. Rich.

pennisetum

alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.

Chinese p.

ciliare (L.) Link

buffelgrass

clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.

kikuyugrass

glaucum[28] (L.) R. Br.

pearlmillet

purpureum Schumach

napiergrass

ruppelii Steud.[29]

fountaingrass

villosum R. Br.

feathertop

Phalaris L.

canarygrass

arundinacea L.

reed c.

canariensis L.

canarygrass

caroliniana Walt.

Carolina c.

minor Retz.

littleseed c.

tuberosa L.

bulb c.

var. stenoptera       (Hack.) Hitchc.

hardinggrass

Phleum L.

timothy

alpinum L.

alpine t.

pratense L.

timothy

Phragmites communis Trin.

common reed

Poa L.

bluegrass

ampla Merr.

big b.

annua L.

annual b.

arachnifera Torr.

Texas b.

arida Vasey

plains b.

bulbosa L.

bulbous b.

canbyi (Scribn.) Piper

canby b.

chapmaniana Scribn.

chapman b.

compressa L.

Canada b.

fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey

mutton b.

nevadensis Vasey ex Scribn.

Nevada b.

pratensis L.

Kentucky b.

scabrella (Thurb.) Benth. ex Vasey

pine b.

secunda Presl

rough b.

sylvestris A. Gray

woodland b.

trivialis L.

roughstalk b.

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.

rabbitfoot polypogon

Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult.

nuttall alkaligrass

Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb) Vasey

blowoutgrass

Rhynchelytrum roseum[30] (Nees) Stapf and Hubb. ex Bews

natalgrass

Saccharum officinarum L.

sugarcane

Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel.

tumblegrass

Scleropogon brevifolius Phil.

burrograss

Secale L.

rye

cereale L.

rye

montanum Guss.

mountain r.

Setaria Beauv.

bristlegrass; millet[31]

faberii Herrm.

giant b.[32]

geniculata (Lam.) Beauv.

knotroot b.

italica (L.) Beauv.

foxtail m.

lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.[33]

yellow b.[32]

macrostachya H.B.K.

plains b.

verticillata (L.) Beauv.

hooked b.

viridis (L.) Beauv.

green b.[32]

Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith

bottlebrush squirreltail

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash

indiangrass

Sorghum Moench[34]

sorghum

halepense ( L.) Pers.

johnsongrass

var. almum Parodi[35]

sorghum almum

bicolor (L.) Moench.

sorghum

var. drummondii       (Nees) Hack. ex Chiov.

chickencorn

var. sudanense       Hitchc.

sudangrass

var. technicum       (Koern.) Jav.

broomcorn

Spartina Schreb.

cordgrass

alterniflora Loisel.

smooth c.

cynosuroides (L.) Roth

big c.

gracilis Trin.

alkali c.

patens (Ait.) Muhl.

marshhay c.

pectinata Link

prairie c.

Sphenopholis Scribn.

wedgescale

intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.

slender w.

obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.

prairie w.

Sporobolus R. Br.

dropseed; sacaton

airoides (Torr.) Torr.

alkali s.

asper (Michx.) Kunth

tall d.

var. hookeri       (Trin.) Vasey

meadow t.d.

var. pilosus       (Vasey) Hitchc.

hairy t.d.

clandestinus (Bieler) Hitchc.

hidden d.

cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray

sand d.

flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb.

mesa d.

giganteus Nash

giant d.

heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray

prairie d.

interruptus Vasey

black d.

neglectus Nash

puffsheath d.

poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.

rattail smutgrass

pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.

whorled d.

texanus Vasey

Texas d.

vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood

poverty d.

wrightii Munro ex Scribn.

sacaton

Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze

St. augustinegrass

Stipa L.

needlegrass

cernua Stebbins & Love

nodding n.

columbiana Macoun

subalpine n.

comata Trin. & Rupr.

needleandthread

leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.

Texas n.

neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn.

New Mexico feathergrass

occidentalis Thurb.

western n.

pulchra Hitchc.

purple n.

robusta (Vasey) Scribn.

sleepygrass

spartea Trin.

porcupinegrass

viridula Trin.

green n.

X Stiporyzopsis caduca (Beal) B. L. Johnson & Rogler (Oryzopsis hymenoides X Stipa viridula)

Mandan ricegrass

Themeda triandra Forsk.

themeda

Tragus Hall.

burgrass

Trichachne Nees

cottontop

californica (Benth.) Chase

Arizona c.

patens Swallen

Texas c.

Trichloris Fourn.

trichloris

mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz[36]

twoflower t.

pluriflora Fourn.

fourflower t.

Tridens Roem. & Schult.

tridens

albescens (Vasey) Woot. & Standl.

white t.

elongatus (Buckl.) Nash

rough t.

flavus (L.) Hitchc.

purpletop

muticus (Torr.) Nash

slim t.

pilosus (Buckl.) Hitchc.

hairy t.

pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.

fluffgrass

strictus (Nutt.) Nash

longspike t.

Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm.

purple sandgrass

Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.

eastern gamagrass

Trisetum Pers.

trisetum

flavescens (L.) Beauv.

yellow t.

spicatum (L.) Richt.

spike t.

Triticum L.

wheat

aestivum L.

common w.

dicoccum Schrank

emmer

durum Desf.

durum w.

monococcum L.

einkorn

turgidum L.

poulard w.

Uniola L.

uniola

latifolia Michx.

broadleaf u.

sessiliflora Poir.

longleaf u.

Zea mays L.

corn

Zizania aquatica L.

wildrice

Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers.

southern wildrice

Zoysia Willd.

zoysia

japonica Steud.

Japanese lawngrass

matrella (L.) Merr.[37]

manillagrass

tenuifolia Willd. ex. Trin.

mascarenegrass

FOOTNOTES:

[9] Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum are part of a complex that includes several other species.

[10] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[11] A complex.

[12] Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Brown) A. Camus (a complex) of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

[13] Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. var. ischaemum of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

[14] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[15] A complex, including B. californicus Nutt. ex Buckl., B. marginatus Nees, B. maritimus (Piper) Hitchc., and B. polyanthus Scribn.

[16] Includes B. richardsoni Link.

[17] In written material in which B. inermis is the only Bromus species discussed, its common name may be shortened to brome.

[18] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[19] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[20] Spp. with stiff spreading spikes are called windmillgrass.

[21] The name “fingergrass” applied to erect spp.

[22] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[23] The name H. nodosum has generally been misapplied to H. brachyantherum in this country.

[24] The name “oniongrass” applied to those spp. with bulblike stem bases.

[25] M. foliosa is a name formerly applied to M. mexicana. M. mexicana was then misapplied to the recently recognized M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald, which it resembles.

[26] Considered to be a form of M. richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb., see 1951 ed. of Hitchcock’s manual, p. 382.

[27] Listed as P. fluitans (Ell.) Kunth on p. 602 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[28] Listed as P. typhoides, Stapf and Hubbard, page 74 USDA Handbook 170, “Grass varieties in the U.S.,” June, 1965.

[29] Older name, now listed as P. setaceum, p. 729 in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[30] Included in Tricholaena in some manuals.

[31] In some areas certain Setaria spp. have been called foxtail, but to avoid confusion, that common name should be reserved to the genus Alopecurus.

[32] These three species are sometimes called foxtail.

[33] Listed as S. glauca (L.) Beauv. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed. p. 226, and on p. 235, Vol. I, of the New Britton & Brown, 1952.

[34] Listed as Sorgum Adans. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed. p. 234, and on p. 244 in Vol. I of the New Britton & Brown, 1952.

[35] Sorghum almum is not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual. Parodi, in his 1943 paper, concluded that it must have originated as a hybrid between S. halepense and some other sorghum.

[36] Listed on p. 530 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual as T. crinita (Lag.) Parodi.

[37] Z. pungens Willd. in some manuals.

SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA

Bulbostylis capillaris       (L.) C. B. Clarke

hairsedge bulbstyle

Carex L.

sedge

aggregata Mackenz.

glomerate s.

amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern.

narrowleaf s.

annectens Bickn.

yellowfruit s.

austrina (Small) Mackenz.

southern s.

bicknellii Britt.

bicknell s.

blanda Dew.

woodland s.

brevior (Dew.) Mackenz.

straw s.

bushii Mackenz.

bush s.

cephalophora Muhl.

woodbank s.

davisii Schwein. & Torr.

davis s.

emoryi Dew.

emory s.

frankii Kunth

frank s.

granularis Muhl.

meadow s.

gravida Bailey

heavy s.

hyalinolepis Steud.

thin scale s.

hystricina Muhl.

bottlebrush s.

laeviconica Dew.

smoothcone s.

lanuginosa Michx.

woolly s.

leavenworthii Dew.

leavenworth s.

lupulina Muhl.

hop s.

meadii Dew.

mead s.

microdonta Torr. & Hook.

littletooth s.

pensylvanica Lam. var. digyna Boeckl.(C. heliophila Mackenz.)

pennsylvania s.

praegracilis W. Boott

clusteredfield s.

scoparia Schkuhr

broom s.

stipata Muhl.

sawbeak s.

vulpinoidea Michx.

fox s.

Cyperus L.

flatsedge; nutgrass

acuminatus Torr. & Hook.

tapeleaf f.

diandrus Torr.

low f.

erythrorhizos Muhl.

redroot f.

esculentus L.

yellow n.

ferruginescens Boeckl.

slender f.

filiculmis Vahl

fern f.

houghtonii Torr.

Houghton f.

inflexus Muhl.

awned f.

ovularis (Michx.) Torr.

globe f.

rivularis Kunth

brook f.

schweinitzii Torr.

schweinitz f.

strigosus L.

false n.

virens Michx. (C. pseudovegetus Steud.)

green f.

Eleocharis R. Br.

spikesedge

acicularis (L.) R. & S.

needle s.

compressa Sulliv.

flatstem s.

engelmanni Steud.

engelmann s.

macrostachya Britt.

longstem s.

obtusa (Willd.) Schultes

blunt s.

wolfii Gray

wolf s.

Fimbristylis Vahl

fimbristylis

autumnalis (L.) R. & S. var. mucronulata (Michx.) Fern.

caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. [F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl; F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula (Michx.) Britt.; F. interior Britt.]

inland f.

Fuirena simplex Vahl

fuirena

Hemicarpha Nees

hemicarpha

drummondi Nees

drummond h.

micrantha (Vahl) Pax

common h.

Juncus L.

rush

balticus Willd.

baltic r.

biflorus Ell. (J. aristulatus of Gray’s 7th ed., not Michx.)

twoflower r.

diffusissimus Buckl.

slimpod r.

dudleyi Wieg.

dudley r.

interior Wieg.

inland r.

kansanus F. J. Herm.

Kansas r.

marginatus Rostk.

grassleaf r.

nodatus Coville

stout r.

tenuis Willd. (J. macer S. F. Gray)

soft r.

torreyi Coville

torrey r.

Killinga (see Cyperus)

Scirpus L.

bulrush

americanus Pers.

American b.

atrovirens Willd.

green b.

fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray

river b.

hallii Gray

hall b.

lineatus Michx.

rusty b.

pallidus (Britt.) Fern.

pale b.

paludosus Nels.

alkali b.

validus Vahl

softstem b.

Seleria Bergius

razorsedge

pauciflora Muhl.

fewflower r.

triglomerata Michx.

whip r.

FERNS AND RELATED GENERA

Adiantum pedatum       L.

American maidenhairfern

Asplenium       L.

spleenwort

platyneuron (L.) Oakes

ebony s.

resiliens Kunze

blackstem s.

Botrychium virginianum       (L.) Sw.

rattlesnakefern

Camptosorus rhizophyllus       (L.) Link

walkingfern

Cheilanthes feei       Moore

fee lipfern

Cystopteris fragilis       (L.) Bernh.

brittle bladderfern

Dryopteris       Adans.

woodfern

thelypteris (L.) Gray

marshfern

Equisetum       L.

horsetail; scouringrush

arvense L.

field h.

hyemale L. (including E. prelatum Raf.)

scouringrush

laevigatum A. Br. (including E. kansanum Schaffn.)

smooth h.

Isoëtes butleri       Engelm.

quillwort

Marsilea mucronata A. Br. (M. vestita       of Gray’s 7th ed., not Hook. & Grev.)

pepperwort

Notholaena dealbata       (Pursh) Kunze

cloakfern

Onoclea sensibilis       L.

sensitivefern

Ophioglossum vulgatum       L.

adderstongue

Pellaea atropurpurea       (L.) Link

purple cliffbrake

Polystichum       Roth

hollyfern

acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott

christmasfern

Pteridium       Gleditsch

bracken

aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

var. pubescens       Underw.

western b.

var. latiusculum       (Desv.) Underw.

eastern b.

Woodsia obtusa       (Spreng.) Torr.

common woodsia

OTHER MONOCOTS

Acorus calamus       L.

drug sweetflag

Alisma subcordatum       Raf.

subcordate waterplantain

Allium       L.

onion; garlic

various native spp.

wild o.; wild g.

Anacharis (see Elodea)

Androstephium coerculeum       (Scheele) Greene

blue funnellily

Arisaema       Mart.

jackinthepulpit

dracontium (L.) Schott

dragonroot j.

triphyllum (L.) Schott

indian j.

Asparagus officinalis       L.

asparagus

Belamcanda chinensis       (L.) DC.

blackberrylily

Camassia scilloides[38]       (Raf.) Cory

Atlantic camas

Commelina       L.

dayflower

diffusa Burm. f. (C. longicaulis of manuals)

creeping d.

erecta L. (including C. virginica of manuals, not L.)

erect d.

Cooperia drummondii       Herb.

eveningstar rainlily

Cypripedium calceolus L. var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. (C. parviflorum       Salisb.)

small yellow ladyslipper

Dioscorea villosa       L.

Atlantic yam

Echinodorus       Richard

burhead

cordifolius (L.) Griseb. [E. radicans (Nutt.) Engelm.]

rostratus (Nutt.) Engelm. [E. cordifolius of manuals, not (L.) Griseb.]

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John [Anacharis occidentalis       (Pursh) Vict.]

elodea

Erythronium albidum       Nutt.

white fawnlily

Habenaria leucophaea       (Nutt.) Gray

prairie fringeorchid

Heteranthera       R. & P.

mudplantain

dubia (Jacq.) MacM.

grassleaf m.

limosa (Sw.) Willd.

blue m.

reniformis R. & P.

kidneyleaf m.

Hypoxis hirsuta       (L.) Coville

goldstargrass

Iris       L.

iris

brevicaulis Raf. (I. foliosa Mackenz. & Bush)

lamance i.

versicolor L.

blueflag i.

Lemna       L.

duckweed

minima Philippi

least d.

minor L.

common d.

perpusilla Torr.

minute d.

Lilium michiganense       Farw.

Michigan lily

Lophotocarpus calycinus       (Engelm.) J. G. Sm.

lophotocarpus

Melanthium virginicum       L.

bunchflower

Najas quadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus [Naias g.       (Spreng.) Morong]

southern naiad

Nemastylis geminiflora Nutt. (N. acuta       Herb.)

nemastylis

Nothoscordum bivalve       (L.) Britt.

yellow falsegarlic

Polygonatum canaliculatum       (Muhl.) Pursh

solomonseal

Potamogeton       L.

pondweed

diversifolius Raf.

waterthread p.

foliosus Raf.

leafy p.

illinoensis Morong (P. lucens of manuals, not L.)

Illinois p.

nodosus Poir. (P. americanus C. & S.)

longleaf p.

obtusifolius Mert. & Koch

bluntleaf p.

pectinatus L.

fennelleaf p.

pusillus L.

baby p.

Ruppia maritima       L.

widgeongrass

Sagittaria       L.

arrowhead

ambigua J. G. Sm.

Kansas a.

brevirostra Mackenz. & Bush

shortbeak a.

cuneata Sheldon

duckpotato a.

latifolia Willd. (including S. esculenta Howell)

common a.

longiloba Engelm.

longbarb a.

Sisyrinchium       L.

blue-eyedgrass

angustifolium Mill. (including S. graminoides Bickn.)

common b.

campestre Bickn.

prairie b.

Smilacina       Desf.

solomonplume

racemosa (L.) Desf.

feather s.

stellata (L.) Desf.

starry s.

Smilax       L.

greenbriar

lasioneura Hook. (included in S. herbacea L. in some manuals)

tamnoides. L. var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern. (S. hispida Muhl.)

bristly g.

Sparganium eurycarpum       Engelm.

giant burreed

Spiranthes       Richard

ladiestresses

cernua (L.) Richard

nodding l.

vernalis Engelm. & Gray

upland l.

Spirodela polyrhiza       (L.) Schleid.

common ducksmeat

Tradescantia       L.

spiderwort

bracteata Small

bracted s.

occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth

prairie s.

ohiensis Raf. (T. canaliculata Raf.)

tharpii Anders. & Woodson

tharp s.

Typha       L.

cattail

angustifolia L.

narrowleaf c.

latifolia L.

common c.

Wolffia columbiana       Karst.

wolffia

Yucca glauca       Nutt.

small soapweed

Zannichellia palustris       L.

common poolmat

Zygadenus nuttallii Gray (also spelled Zigadenus      )

nuttall deathcamas

FOOTNOTES:

[38] C. scilloides in Gray’s 8th Ed.: C. scillioides in some manuals.

LEGUMES (including woody species)

Acacia augustissima       (Mill.) Ktze.

prairie acacia

Alysicarpus vaginalis       DC.

alyceclover

Amorpha       L.

amorpha

canescens Pursh

leadplant

fruticosa L.

indigobush a.

Amphicarpa bracteata       (L.) Fern.

southern hogpeanut

Anthyllis vulnerania       L.

kidneyvetch

Apios americana       Medic.

American potatobean

Arachis hypogaea       L.

peanut

Astragalus       L.

milkvetch: species not poisonous

loco: species causing locoism

poisonvetch: species causing poisoning other than locoism

canadensis L.

Canada m.

caryocarpus Ker (A. crassicarpus Nutt.)

groundplum m.

cicer L.

cicer m.

gracilis Nutt.

slender m.

lotiflorus Hook.

lotus m.

missouriensis Nutt.

Missouri m.

mollissimus Torr.

woolly l.

pectinatus (Hook.) Dougl.

narrowleaf p.

plattensis Nutt.

Nebraska m.

racemosus Pursh

creamy p.

rubyi Greene & Morris

ruby m.

spatulatus Sheld. (A. caespitosus Gray; Homalobus caespitosus Nutt.)

tufted m.

Baptisia       Vent.

wildindigo

leucantha T. & G.

Atlantic w.

leucophaea Nutt.

plains w.

minor Lehm.

blue w.

Cajanus cajan Millsp. (C. indicus       Spreng.)

pigeonpea

Caragana arborescens       Lam.

Siberian peashrub

Cassia       L.

senna; partridgepea

fasciculata Michx. (Chamaecrista f. B. & B., including C. rostrata Woot. & Standl.)

showy p.

marilandica L.

wild s.

nictitans L.

sensitive p.

Cercis canadensis       L.

eastern redbud

Cicer arientinum       L.

chickpea

Coronilla varia       L.

crownvetch

Crotalaria       L.

crotalaria

incana L.

shackshack c.[39]

juncea L.

sunn c.

mucronata Desv.

striped c.

sagittalis L.

arrow c.

spectabilis Roth

showy c.

Cytisus       L.

broom

Dalea[40]       Juss.

dalea

alopecuroides Willd. [D. leporina (Alt.) Kearney & Peebles]

foxtail d.

aurea Nutt.

silktop d.

enneandra Nutt.

nineanther d.

jamesii (Torr.) T. & G.

james d.

lanata Spreng.

woolly d.

nana Torr.

dwarf d.

Desmanthus       Willd.

bundleflower

illinoensis (Michx.) MacM.

Illinois b.

leptolobus T. & G.

slenderlobed b.

Desmodium       Desv.

tickclover

canadense (L.) DC.

Canada t.

canescens (L.) DC.

hoary t.

cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loud. [D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.]

longleaf t.

glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood [D. acuminatum (Michx.) DC.]

largeflower t.

illinoense Gray

Illinois t.

paniculatum (L.) DC.

panicled t.

sessilifolium (Torr.) T. & G.

sessile t.

tortuosum DC. (D. purpureum Fawcett & Rendle)

tall t.

Dolichos lablab       L.

hyacinthbean

Gleditsia triacanthos       L.

honeylocust

Glottidium vesicarium       (Jacq.) Harper

bagpod

Glycine max       (L.) Merr.

soybean

Glycyrrhiza lepidota       (Nutt.) Pursh

American licorice

Gymnocladus dioica       (L.) K. Koch

Kentucky coffeetree

Hedysarum coronarium       L.

sulla

Hoffmanseggia jamesii       T. & G.

rushpea

Homalobus (see Astragalus)

Indigofera       L.

indigo

hirsuta L.

hairy i.

leptosepala Nutt.

western i.

Lathyrus       L.

peavine

hirsutus L.

rough p.

latifolius L.

perennial p.

odoratus L.

sweetpea

polymorphous Nutt. [including L. incanus (Sm. & Rydb.) Rydb. and L. stipulaceous (Pursh) Butters & St. John]

hoary p.

pusillus Ell.

low p.

sativus L.

grass p.

sylvestris L.

flat p.

tingitanus L.

tangierpea

venosus Muhl.

veiny p.

Lens culinaris Medic. (L. esculenta       Moench)

lentil

Lespedeza       Michx.

lespedeza

bicolor Turcz.

shrub l.

capitata Michx.

roundhead l.

cuneata (Dumont) G. Don

sericea l.

cyrtobotrya Miq.

bush l.

daurica (Laxm.) Schindl. var. schimadae (Masam.) Masam. & Hosok

prostrate-daurican l.

hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitagawa

rush l.

hirta (L.) Hornem.

hairy l.

intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt.

wand l.

japonica Bailey

Japan l.

latissima Nakai

decumbent l.

manniana Mackenz. & Bush

mann l.

nuttallii Darl.

nuttall l.

procumbens Michx.

trailing l.

repens (L.) Bart.

creeping l.

stipulacea Maxim.

Korean l.

striata (Thunb.) H. & A.

common l.

stuevei Nutt.

stuves l.

violacea (L.) Pers. (L. prairea Britt.)

violet l.

virginica (L.) Britt.

slender l.

Lotus       L.

deervetch (native American spp.); trefoil

americanus (Nutt.) Bisch.

American d.

corniculatus L.

birdsfoot t.

tenuis Waldst. & Dit. ex. Willd.

narrowleaf b.t.

uliginosus Schkuhr (L. major Sm.; L. villosus Willd.)

big t.

Lupinus       L.

lupine

albus L.

white l.

angustifolius L.

blue l.

luteus L.

yellow l.

plattensis S. Wats.

Nebraska l.

pusillus Pursh

low l.

subcarnosus Hook.

Texas l.

Medicago       L.

medic; burclover; alfalfa

arabica (L.) Huds.

spotted b.

arborea L.

tree m.

ciliaris Bald. ex DC.

fringed m.

falcata L.

yellow a.

hispida Gaertn.

California b.

lupulina L.

black m.

minima (L.) Desr.

little b.

orbicularis All.

button m.

rigidula Desr.

Tifton b.

sativa L.

alfalfa

scutellata Mill.

snail m.

tuberculata Willd.

tuberculous m.

Melilotus       Mill.

sweetclover

alba Desr.

white s.

dentata Pers.

banat s.

indica (L.) All.

annual yellow s.

officinalis (L.) Lam.

yellow s.

suaveolens Ledeb.

daghestan s.

Onobrychis viciaefolia       Scop.

common sainfoin

Ornithopus sativus       Brot.

serradella

Oxytropis lambertii       Pursh

lambert crazyweed[41]

Petalostemum[42]       Michx.

prairieclover

candidum (Willd.) Michx.

white p.

compactum (Spreng.) Swezey

compact p.

multiflorum Nutt.

roundheaded p.

occidentale (Gray) Fern.

western p.

porterianum Small

porter p.

purpureum (Vent.) Rydb.

purple p.

tenuifolium Gray

slimleaf p.

villosum Nutt.

silky p.

Phaseolus       L.

bean

aconitifolius Jacq.

moth b.

acutifolius Gray

Texas b.

angularis Wight

adsuki b.

aureus Roxb.

mung b.

calcaratus Roxb.

rice b.

coccineus L. (P. multiflorus Lam.)

runner b.

lunatus L. (including var. macrocarpus Benth.)

lima b.

vulgaris L.

common b.

Pisum       L.

pea

arvense (L.) Poir.

field p.

sativum L.

garden p.

Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals; including P. glandulosa Torr. and P. velutina       Woot.)

mesquite

Psoralea       L.

scurfpea

argophylla Pursh

silverleaf s.

cuspidata Pursh

tallbread s.

digitata Nutt.

palmleaf s.

osculenta Pursh

common breadroot s.

hypogaea Nutt.

little breadroot s.

lanceolata Pursh

lemon s.

linearifolia T. & G.

slimleaf s.

psoralioides (Walt.) Cory

bobsroot s.

tenuiflora Pursh

slimflower s.

var. floribunda       (Nutt.) Rydb.

manyflower s.

Pueraria       DC.

kudzu

lobata (Willd.) Ohwi [P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.]

thunberg k.

phaseoloides Benth.

tropical k.

Robinia       L.

locust

pseudo-acacia L.

black l.

viscosa Vent.

clammy l.

Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl. (S. uncinata       of manuals, not Willd.)

catclaw sensitivebriar

Sesbania exaltata       (Raf.) Cory

sesbania

Sophora sericea       Nutt.

silky sophora

Stizolobium deeringianum       Bort.

velvetbean

Strophostyles       Ell.

wildbean

helvola (L.) Ell.

trailing w.

leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper

smoothseed w.

Stylosanthes biflora       (L.) BSP.

pencilflower

Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. [including T. leucosericea       (Rydb.) Cory]

Virginia tephrosia

Thermopsis rhombifolia       Nutt. ex Rich.

prairie thermopsis

Trifolium       L.

clover

agrarium L.

hop c.

alexandrinum L.

berseem

ambiguum Bieb.

kura c.

arvense L.

rabbitfoot c.

campestre Schreb.

plains c.

carolinianum Michx.

Carolina c.

dubium Sibth.

small hop c.

fragiferum L.

strawberry c.

glomeratum L.

cluster c.

hirtum All.

rose c.

hybridum L.

alsike c.

incarnatum L.

crimson c.

lappaceum L.

lappa c.

medium L.

zigzag c.

nigrescens Viv.

ball c.

pratense L.

red c.

procumbens L.

large hop c.

reflexum L.

buffalo c.

repens L.

white c.

resupinatum L.

Persian c.

stoloniferum Eat.

stoloniferous c.

striatum L.

knotted c.

subterraneum L.

subterranean c.

Trigonella       L.

trigonella

foenum-graecum L.

fenugreek

Vicia       L.

vetch

americana Muhl.

American v.

angustifolia Reichard

narrowleaf v.

articulata Hornem.

oneflower v.

benghalensis L. (V. atropurpurea Desf.)

purple v.

caroliniana Walt.

Carolina v.

cracca L.

bird v.

dasycarpa Ten.

woollypod v.

ervilia Willd.

bitter v.

faba L.

broadbean

var. equina Pers. (V. faba L. subsp. major       Alef.)

horsebean

grandiflora Scop.

bigflower v.

ludoviciana Nutt.

Louisiana v.

monantha (L.) Desf.

oneflower v.

pannonica Crantz.

Hungarian v.

sativa L.

common v.

sparsifolia Nutt.

stiffleaf v.

trifida Dietr.

clubleaf v.

villosa Roth

hairy v.

Vigna       Savi

cowpea

sesquipedalis Fruwirth

yardlong c.

sinensis (L.) Endl.

cowpea

Wisteria macrostachya       Nutt.

wisteria

FOOTNOTES:

[39] Listed as shack c. in 1948 USDA Yearbook of Agriculture.

[40] The genus Dalea includes Petalostemum in some manuals.

[41] Often termed stemless loco in older literature but the name loco should be reserved for the genus Astragalus.

[42] The genus Petalostemum is included in Dalea in some manuals.

OTHER DICOT FORBS

Abronia fragrans       Nutt. ex Hook.

sweet sandverbena

Abutilon theophrasti       Medic.

velvetleaf

Acalypha       L.

copperleaf

gracilens Gray

slender c.

ostryaefolia Riddell

hophornbeam c.

virginica L.

Virginia c.

Acerates (see Asclepias)

Achillea       L.

yarrow

millefolium L. subsp. millefolium

common y.

millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper

western y.

Acnida tamariscina       (Nutt.) Wood

waterhemp

Actinea (see Hymenoxys)

Actinomeris (see Verbesina)

Agastache       Clayt.

gianthyssop

nepetoides (L.) Ktze.

catnip g.

scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Ktze.

purple g.

Agoseris cuspidata (see Microseris)

Agrimonia       L.

agrimony

parviflora Ait.

many flower a.

pubescens Wallr.

downy a.

rostellata Wallr.

woodland a.

Agrostemma githago       L.

common corncockle

Alliaria officinalis       Andrz.

garlicmustard

Allionia (included in Mirabilis)

Amaranthus       L.

pigweed (amaranth of SPN)

graecizans L. (A. blitoides S. Wats.)

tumbleweed

hybridus L.

slim p.

palmeri S. Wats.

palmer p.

retroflexus L.

rough p.

spinosus L.

spiny p.

torreyi (Gray) Benth.

torrey p.

Ambrosia       L.

ragweed

artemisiifolia L. (A. elatior L.)

common r.

bidentata Michx.

lanceleaf r.

psilostachya DC. (A. coronopifolia T. & G.)

western r.

trifida L.

giant r.

Ammannia

ammannia

auriculata Willd.

earleaf a.

coccinea Rottb.

purple a.

Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt. (Gonolobus laevis       of manuals, not Michx.)

climbingmilkweed

Amsonia tabernaemontana       Walt.

willow amsonia

Anagallis arvensis       L.

scarlet pimpernel

Androsace occidentalis       Pursh

western rockjasmine

Anemone       L.

anemone

canadensis L.

meadow a.

caroliniana Walt.

Carolina a.

cylindrica Gray

candle a.

decapetala Ard.

tenpetal a.

virginiana L.

Virginia a.

Antennaria       Gaertn.

pussytoes

neglecta Greene (including A. campestris Rydb. & A. longifolia Greene)

field p.

plantaginifolia (L.) Richards (including A. fallax Greene)

plantainleaf p.

Anthemis       L.

camomile

cotula L.

mayweed c.

tinctoria L.

golden c.

Anychia (see Paronychia)

Aplopappus (see Haplopappus)

Apocynum       L.

dogbane

cannabinum L.

hemp d.

sibiricum Jacq.

prairie d.

Aquilegia       L.

columbine

Arabis       L.

rockcress

canadensis L.

sickle pod

dentata (Torr.) T. & G.

toothed r.

hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins

hairy r.

laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.

smooth r.

virginica (L.) Poir.

Virginia r.

Arctium minus       (Hill) Bernh.

smaller burdock

Arenaria       L.

sandwort

patula Michx.

pitchers s.

serpyllifolia L.

thymeleaf s.

stricta Michx. var. texana Robins.

Texas s.

Argemone       L.

pricklypoppy

polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey

squarrosa Greene (including A. hispida Gray)

hedgehog p.

Aristolochia tomentosa       Sims

dutchmanspipe

Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. [Rorippa armoracia       (L.) Hitchc.]

common horseradish

Artemisia       L.

sagewort; sagebrush

annua L.

sweet sagewort

biennis Willd.

biennial sagewort

campestris L. (A. canadensis Michx.)

prairie sagewort

dracunculus L.

falsetarragan sagewort

filifolia Torr.

sand sagebrush

ludoviciana Nutt. [including var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) T. & G.]

Louisiana sagewort

vulgaris L.

common sagewort

Asarum canadense       L.

wildginger

Asclepias L. (including Acerates       Ell.)

milkweed

amplexicaulis Sm.

bluntleaf m.

arenaria Torr.

sand m.

auriculata (Engelm.) Holz. (Acerates a. Engelm.)

leafy m.

hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (Acerates h. Pennell)

prairie m.

incarnata L.

swamp m.

lanuginosa Nutt. [Acerates l. (Nutt.) DC.]

woolly m.

latifolia (Torr.) Raf.

broadleaf m.

pumila (Gray) Vail

plains m.

purpurascens L.

purple m.

speciosa Torr.

showy m.

stenophylla Gray (Acerates angustifolia Dene.)

narrowleaf m.

subverticillata (Gray) Vail (A. galioides HBK.)

poison m.

sullivantii Engelm.

sullivant m.

syriaca L. var. kansana (Vail) Palmer & Steyerm.

Kansas m.

syriaca L. var. syriaca

common m.

tuberosa L.

butterfly m.

verticillata L.

whorled m.

viridiflora Raf. [Acerates v. (Raf.) Eaton]

green m.

Asclepiodora[43]       Gray

antelopehorn

decumbens (Nutt.) Gray (Asclepias capricornu Woodson)

spider a.

viridis (Walt.) Gray (Asclepias v. Walt.)

green a.

Aster       L.

aster

anomalus Engelm.

manyray a.

arenosus Blake [Leucelene ericoides (Torr.) Greene]

babywhite a.

azureus Lindl.

azure a.

drummondii Lindl.

drummond a.

ericoides L.

heath a.

exilis Ell.

slim a.

fendleri Gray

fendler a.

laevis L. var. laevis

smooth a.

novae-angliae L.

New England a.

oblongifolius Nutt.

aromatic a.

ontarionis Wieg. (A. missouriensis Britt., & A. pantotrichus Blake)

Missouri a.

paludosus Ait.

singlestem bog a.

praealtus Poir.

willowleaf a.

sagittifolius Wedemeyer

arrow a.

sericeus Vent.

silky a.

simplex Willd. (A. paniculatus Lam. not Mill.)

panicled a.

tanacetifolius HBK. [Machaeranthera t. (HBK.) Nees]

tansyleaf a.

tataricus L. f.

tatarian a.

vimineus Lam.

small white a.

Astranthium integrifolium       (Michx.) Nutt.

entireleaved westerndaisy

Atriplex       L.

saltbush

argentea Nutt.

silverscale s.

canescens (Pursh) Nutt.

fourwing s.

patula L.

fat-hen s.

rosea L.

tumbling orach

Aureolaria (see Gerardia)

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (Macuillamia r.       Michx.)

disk waterhyssop

Bahia oppositifolia (Nutt.) DC. [Picradeniopsis o.       (Nutt.) Rydb.]

plains bahia

Barbarea vulgaris       R. Br.

bitter wintercress

Bergia texana       (Hook.) Seubert

Texas bergia

Berlandiera       DC.

berlandiera

lyrata Benth.

wireleaf b.

texana DC.

Texas b.

Berteroa incana       (L.) DC.

hoary false-alyssum

Berula erecta       (Huds.) Coville

stalky berula

Beta       L.

beet

Bidens       L.

beggarticks

bipinnata L.

spanishneedles

cernua L. [including B. glaucescens Greene, & B. elliptica (Wieg.) Gleason]

nodding b.

frondosa L.

devils b.

polylepis Blake [B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britt.]

coreopsis b.

tripartita L. [B. comosa (Gray) Wieg., & B. connata Muhl.]

bur b.

vulgata Greene

tall b.

Boehmeria cylindrica       (L.) Sw.

smallspike falsenettle

Boltonia       L’Her.

boltonia

asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. recognita (Fern. & Griscom) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray var. recognita Fern. & Griscom)

white b.

asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. latisquama (Gray) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray)

violet b.

Brassica       L.

mustard

juncea (L.) Coss.

India m.

kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler

charlock

napus L. (B. rapa of authors, not L.)

turnip

nigra (L.) Koch

black m.

oleracea L.

cabbage, etc.

rapa L. (B. campestris L.)

rape & rutabaga

Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. [B. umbellata       (Greene) Rydb.]

brickellia

Buchnera americana       L.

American bluehearts

Cacalia       L.

indian plantain

atriplicifolia L.

pale i.

tuberosa Nutt.

tuberous i.

Calceolaria (see Hybanthus)

Callirhoë       Nutt.

poppymallow

alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray

pale p.

digitata Nutt.

finger p.

involucrata (T. & G.) Gray

purple p.

Callitriche heterophylla       Pursh

waterstarwort

Camelina microcarpa       Andrz.

littlepod falseflax

Campanula americana       L.

American bellflower

Cannabis sativa       L.

hemp

Capsella bursa-pastoris       (L.) Medic.

shepherdspurse

Cardamine       L.

bittercress

bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP.

bulb b.

parviflora L.

smallflower b.

pensylvanica Muhl.

Pennsylvania b.

Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. (Lepidium draba       L.)

hoary cress

Carduus nutans       L.

muskthistle

Carthamus tinctorius       L.

safflower

Castilleja       Mutis

paintbrush

citrina Pennell

citron p.

coccinea (L.) Spreng.

indian p.

sessiliflora Pursh

downy p.

Centaurea       L.

centaurea

americana Nutt.

basketflower

cyanus L.

cornflower

repens L. (C. picris Pall.)

Russian knapweed

solstitialis L.

yellow c.

Cerastium       L.

cerastium

brachypodum (Engelm.) Robins.

shortstalk c.

nutans Raf.

powderhorn c.

vulgatum L.

big c.

Ceratophyllum demersum       L.

hornwort

Chaerophyllum       L.

chervil

procumbens (L.) Crantz

spreading c.

reflexum Bush.

reflexed c.

texanum C. & R.

Texas c.

Chamaesaracha       Gray

falsenightshade

conioides (Moric.) Britt.

coronopus (Dunal) Gray

green f.

Chamaesyce (included in Euphorbia)

Chenopodium       L.

goosefoot

albescens Small

pale g.

album L.

lambsquarters

ambrosioides L.

wormseed g.

berlandieri Moq.

pitseed g.

boscianum Moq.

goosefoot

cycloides A. Nels.

sandhill g.

fremontii S. Wats.

fremont g.

glaucum L.

oakleaf g.

hybridum L. var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau

mapleleaf g.

incanum (S. Wats.) Heller

leptophyllum Nutt.

slimleaf g.

murale L.

nettleleaf g.

petiolare HBK.

salinum Standl.

alkali g.

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum       L.

oxeyedaisy

Chrysopsis       Ell.

goldaster

pilosa Nutt.

soft g.

villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. angustifolia (Rydb.) Cron. [C. angustifolia Rydb., C. stenophylla (Gray) Greene]

villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens Gray (C. berlandieri Greene)

villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. foliosa (Nutt.) D. C. Eat. (C. foliosa Nutt.)

leafy g.

villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. hispida (Hook.) Gray [C. viscida (Gray) Greene]

rough g.

villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. villosa (including C. bakeri Greene, C. ballardi Rydb., C. hirsutissima Greene, & C. asprella Greene)

hairy g.

Cichorium intybus       L.

common chicory

Cicuta maculata       L.

waterhemlock

Circaea latifolia       Hill

broadleaf circaea

Cirsium       Mill.

thistle

altissimum (L.) Spreng.

tall t.

arvense (L.) Scop.

Canada t.

ochrocentrum Gray

yellowspine t.

undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.

wavyleaf t.

vulgare (Savi) Airy-Shaw (C. lanceolatum of manuals)

bull t.

Claytonia virginica       L.

Virginia springbeauty

Clematis       L.

clematis

fremontii S. Wats.

fremont c.

ligusticifolia Nutt.

western c.

pitcheri T. & G.

pitcher c.

virginiana L.

virginsbower

Cleome       L.

spiderflower

serrulata Pursh

bee s.

spinosa Jacq.

spiny s.

Cleomella angustifolia       Torr.

cleomella

Cocculus carolinus       (L.) DC.

Carolina snailseed

Collinsia violacea       Nutt.

collinsia

Comandra       Nutt.

comandra

pallida A. DC.

pale c.

richardsiana Fern.

richards c.

Conium maculatum       L.

poisonhemlock

Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth. [Leucospora m.       (Michx.) Nutt.]

paleseed

Conringia orientalis       (L.) Dumort.

treacle haresear

Convolvulus       L.

bindweed

arvensis L.

field b.

incanus Vahl

gray b.

sepium L. (including C. interior House of manuals)

hedge b.

Conyza       L.

conyza

canadensis (L.) Cron. [Erigeron c. L., Leptilon c. (L.) Britt.]

horseweed

ramosissima Cron. (Erigeron divaricatus Michx.)

Coreopsis       L.

coreopsis

grandiflora Hogg

bigflower c.

palmata Nutt.

finger c.

tinctoria Nutt.

plains c.

Corispermum       L.

tickseed

hyssopifolium L.

hyssopleaf t.

nitidum Kit.

bugseed

Corydalis       Medic.

corydalis

aurea Willd.

golden c.

campestris (Britt.) Buchholz & Palmer

plains c.

crystallina Engelm.

mealy c.

flavula (Raf.) DC.

pale c.

micrantha (Engelm.) Gray

smallflower c.

Cristatella jamesii       T. & G.

cristatella

Croton       L.

croton

capitatus Michx.

woolly c.

glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell. Arg.

tropic c.

lindheimerianus Scheele

threeseed c.

monanthogynus Michx.

oneseed c.

texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg.

Texas c.

Crotonopsis elliptica       Willd.

crotonopsis

Cryptantha Lehm. (including Oreocarya       Greene)

cryptantha

crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene

thicksepal c.

jamesii (Torr.) Payson [O. suffruticosa (Torr.) Greene]

james c.

Cucurbita foetidissima       HBK.

buffalogourd

Cuphea petiolata       (L.) Koehne

clammy cuphea

Cuscuta       L.

dodder

cephalanthi Engelm.

buttonbush d.

coryli Engelm.

hazel d.

cuspidata Engelm.

cusp d.

glomerata Choisy

cluster d.

indecora Choisy

showy d.

pentagona Engelm.

field d.

polygonorum Engelm.

smartweed d.

Cyclanthera dissecta       (T. & G.) Arn.

cyclanthera

Cycloloma atriplicifolium       (Spreng.) Coult.

tumble ringwing

Cymopterus       Raf.

cymopterus

acaulis (Pursh) Raf.

stemless c.

montanus (Nutt.) T. & G. (Phellopterus m. Nutt.)

mountain corkwing

Cynoglossum       L.

houndstongue

officinale L.

common h.

virginianum L.

wildcomfrey h.

Dasistoma macrophylla       (Nutt.) Raf.

oakleech

Datura       L.

datura

innoxia Mill. (D. meteloides DC., D. metel of manuals, not L.)

sacred d.

stramonium L.

jimsonweed

Daucus       L.

carrot

carota L.

wild c.

pusillus Michx.

southwestern c.

Delphinium       L.

larkspur

ajacis L.

rocket l.

tricorne Michx.

dwarf l.

virescens Nutt.

plains l.

Dentaria laciniata       Muhl.

cutleaf toothwort

Descurainia       Webb & Berthelot

tansymustard

pinnata (Walt.) Britt. [including D. intermedia (Rydb.) Daniels, & D. magna Rydb.]

pinnate t.

sophia (L.) Webb

flixweed t.

Dianthera (see Justicia)

Diaperia prolifera       Nutt.

diaperia

Dicentra cucullaria       (L.) Bernh.

dutchmans-breeches

Dicliptera brachiata       (Pursh) Spreng.

dicliptera

Diodia teres       Walt.

rough buttonweed

Ditaxis       Vahl

ditaxis

humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Pax

low d.

mercurialina (Nutt.) Coult.

tall d.

Dodecatheon meadia       L.

common shootingstar

Draba       L.

draba

brachycarpa Nutt.

shortpod d.

cuneifolia Nutt.

wedgeleaf d.

reptans (Lam.) Fern. (D. caroliniana Walt.)

carolina d.

Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. (Rudbeckia a.       Vahl)

clasping coneflower

Dyssodia papposa       (Vent.) Hitchc.

prairie dogweed

Echinacea       Moench

echinacea

angustifolia DC.

blacksamson e.

atrorubens Nutt. [including E. paradoxa (Norton) Britt.]

yellow e.

pallida Nutt.

pale e.

Echinocereus       Engelm.

echinocereus

reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage jr. (E. caespitosus Engelm.)

lace e.

viridiflorus Engelm.

greenpitaya e.

Echinocystis lobata       (Michx.) T. & G.

wild mockcucumber

Echium vulgare       L.

blueweed

Eclipta alba       (L.) Hassk.

yerbadetajo

Elephantopus carolinianus       Willd.

elephantsfoot

Ellisia nyctelea       L.

ellisia

Engelmannia pinnatifida       T. & G.

engelmanndaisy

Epilobium       L.

willowweed

angustifolium L.

fireweed

coloratum Biehler

purpleleaf w.

leptophyllum Raf. (E. lineare of manuals, not Muhl.)

narrowleaf w.

Erechtites hieracifolia       (L.) Raf.

American burnweed

Erigeron L. (see also Conyza      )

fleabane

annuus (L.) Pers.

annual f.

bellidiastrum Nutt.

western f.

flagellaris Gray

trailing f.

philadelphicus L.

Philadelphia f.

pumilus Nutt.

low f.

strigosus Muhl. [E. ramosus (Walt.) BSP.]

daisy f.

Eriogonum       Michx.

eriogonum

annuum Nutt.

annual e.

longifolium Nutt.

longleaf e.

Erodium cicutarium       (L.) L’Her.

filaree

Eruca sativa       Mill.

rocketsalad

Eryngium       L.

eryngo

leavenworthii T. & G.

leavenworth e.

yuccifolium Michx.

buttonsnakeroot e.

Erysimum       L.

erysimum

asperum (Nutt.) DC.

plains e.

inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM.

smallflower e.

repandum L.

spreading e.

Eulophus (see Perideridia)

Eupatorium       L.

eupatorium; joepyeweed

altissimum L.

tall e.

coelestinum L.

mistflower e.

maculatum L.

spotted j.

perfoliatum L.

boneset

purpureum L. (E. falcatum Michx.)

bluestem j.

rugosum Houtt. (E. urticaefolium Reichard)

white snakeroot

serotinum Michx.

late e.

Euphorbia L. [including Tithymalus (Tourn.) Adans., & Chamaesyce       Small]

euphorbia; spurge

corollata L.

flowering s.

dentata Michx. [including E. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Boiss.]

toothed e.

dictyosperma Fisch. & Mey.

warty e.

esula L.

leafy s.

fendleri T. & G. (E. greenei in Rydb.’s floras)

fendler e.

geyeri Engelm.

geyer e.

glyptosperma Engelm.

ridgeseed e.

heterophylla L.

painted e.

hexagona Nutt.

sixangle e.

humistrata Engelm.

spreading e.

lata Engelm.

hoary e.

maculata L. (variously known as E. hypericifolia L., E. hyssopifolia L., E. nutans Lag., & E. preslii Guss.)

spotted e.

marginata Pursh

snow-on-the-mountain

missurica Raf. [including E. nuttallii (Engelm.) Small, & E. petaloidea Engelm.]

Missouri s.

obtusata Pursh

roughpod e.

serpens HBK.

serpent e.

serpyllifolia Pers.

thymeleaf e.

stictospora Engelm.

slimseed e.

supina Raf. (called E. maculata L. in manuals)

prostrate s.

Eustoma russellianum       (Hook.) Griseb.

russell prairiegentian

Evolvulus nuttallianus       R. & S.

nuttall evolvulus

Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. (F. esculentum       Moench)

common buckwheat

Flaveria campestris       J. R. Johnston

flaveria

Fragaria virginiana       Duchesne

wild strawberry

Franseria       Cav.

bursage

acanthicarpa (Hook.) Coville

variable b.

confertiflora (DC.) Rydb. (F. tenuifolia Harv. & Gray)

slimleaf b.

tomentosa Gray

burragweed

Froelichia       Moench

snakecotton

floridana (Nutt.) Moq. var. campestris (Small) Fern. (F. campestris Small)

field s.

gracilis (Hook.) Moq.

slender s.

Gaillardia       Foug.

gaillardia

aristata Pursh

common perennial g.

drummondii (Hook.) DC.

drummond g.

fastigiata Greene

prairie g.

pulchella Foug. (G. aristosa of manuals)

rosering g.

Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake (G. aristulata       Bickn.)

fringed quickweed

Galium       L.

bedstraw

aparine L.

catchweed b.

circaezans Michx. var. hypomalacum Fern.

woods b.

concinnum T. & G.

shining b.

obtusum Bigel.

bluntleaf b.

pilosum Ait.

hairy b.

tinctorium L.

dye b.

triflorum Michx.

fragrant b.

Gaura       L.

gaura

biennis L.

biennial g.

coccinea Pursh

scarlet g.

parviflora Dougl.

smallflower g.

villosa Torr.

hairy g.

Gentiana puberula       Michx.

downy gentian

Geranium       L.

geranium

carolinianum L.

Carolina g.

maculatum L.

spotted g.

Gerardia       L.

gerardia

aspera Dougl.

rough g.

auriculata Michx. [Tomanthera a. (Michx.) Raf.]

earleaf g.

densiflora Benth. [Tomanthera d. (Benth.) Raf.]

fineleaf g.

grandiflora Benth. [Aureolaria g. (Benth.) Pennell]

bigflower g.

skinneriana Wood

rose g.

tenuifolia Vahl

slender g.

Geum       L.

avens

canadense Jacq.

white a.

vernum (Raf.) T. & G.

heartleaf a.

Gilia       R. & P.

gilia

laxiflora (Coult.) Osterh.

irion g.

longiflora (Torr.) G. Don

whiteflower g.

spicata Nutt.

spike g.

Glechoma hederacea L. [Nepeta h.       (L.) Trevisan]

groundivy

Gnaphalium       L.

cudweed

obtusifolium L.

fragrant c.

purpureum L.

purple c.

Gonolobus (see Ampelamus)

Gossypium hirsutum       L.

upland cotton

Gratiola       L.

hedgehyssop

aurea Muhl. (G. lutea Raf. in part)

golden h.

virginiana L.

Virginia h.

Grindelia       Willd.

gumweed

lanceolata Nutt.

spinytooth g.

squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal

curlycup g.

Gutierrezia       Lag.

snakeweed

dracunculoides (DC.) Blake [Amphiachyris d. (DC.) Nutt.]

broomweed

sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby (including G. diversifolia Greene, & G. linearis Rydb.)

broom s.

Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnston [Lappula v.       (L.) Greene]

Virginia stickseed

Haplopappus Endl. (including Aplopappus Cass., Sideranthus Sweet, & Oonopsis       Greene)

goldenweed

ciliatus (Nutt.) DC. (Prionopsis ciliata Nutt.)

wax g.

divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray [Isopappus d. (Nutt.) T. & G.]

slender g.

englemannii Z. (Gray) Hall [Oonopsis e. (Gray) Greene]

englemann g.

phyllocephalus DC. (Sideranthus annuus Rydb.)

annual g.

spinulosus (Pursh) DC. [Sideranthus s. (Pursh) Sweet]

ironplant

Hedeoma       Pers.

falsepennyroyal

drummondii Benth.

drummond f.

hispida Pursh

rough f.

pulegioides (L.) Pers.

American f.

Helenium       L.

sneezeweed

autumnale L.

common s.

nudiflorum Nutt.

purplehead s.

tenuifolium Nutt.

bitter s.

Helianthemum bicknellii       Fern.

sunrose

Helianthus       L.

sunflower

annuus L. (including H. lenticularis Dougl.)

common s.

grosseserratus Martens

sawtooth s.

hirsutus Raf. [H. leptocaulis (Wats.) Blake (including H. virilis Wats.)]

hairy s.

laetiflorus Pers. [including H. rigidus (Cass.) Desf., & H. severus Wats.]

stiff s.

maximiliani Schrad.

maximilian s.

mollis Lam.

ashy s.

petiolaris Nutt.

prairie s.

salicifolius A. Dietr.

willowleaf s.

tuberosus L. (including H. mollissimus E. E. Wats.)

jerusalemartichoke

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra       (Dunal) Fern.

rough heliopsis

Heliotropium       L.

heliotrope

convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray

bindweed h.

spathulatum Rydb.

wild h.

tenellum (Nutt.) Torr.

pasture h.

Hesperis matronalis       L.

dames rocket

Heterotheca subaxillaris       (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby

camphorweed

Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. var. grayana       Rosend., Butt., & Lak.

alumroot

Hibiscus       L.

hibiscus; rosemallow

esculentus L.

okra

militaris Cav.

scarlet r.

trionum L.

flowerofanhour

Hieracium longipilum       Torr.

longbeard hawkweed

Houstonia       L.

bluets

minima Beck

tiny b.

nigricans (Lam.) Fern. (H. angustifolia Michx.)

narrowleaf b.

Humulus lupulus       L.

hop

Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. [Calceolaria verticillata       (Ortega) Ktze.]

Northamerican calceolaria

Hydrophyllum       L.

waterleaf

appendiculatum Michx.

notchbract w.

virginianum L.

Virginia w.

Hymenopappus       L’Her.

hymenopappus

corymbosus T. & G.

flattop h.

scabiosaeus L’Her.

whitebract h.

tenuifolius Pursh

slimleaf h.

Hymenoxys Cass. (Actinea Juss., Tetraneuris Greene, Actinella       Pers.)

hymenoxys

acaulis (Pursh) Parker [Tetraneuris a. (Pursh) Greene]

stemless h.

odorata DC. [Actinea o. (DC.) Ktze., & Actinella o. (DC.) Gray]

bitterweed

scaposa (DC.) Parker var. linearis (Nutt.) Parker (Tetraneuris fastigiata Greene)

plains h.

Hypericum       L.

St. johnswort

drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) T. & G.

drummond S.

mutilum L.

dwarf S.

perforatum L.

common S.

punctatum Lam.

spotted S.

sphaerocarpum Michx.

roundfruit S.

Impatiens       L.

snapweed

biflora Walt.

spotted s.

nortoni Rydb.

norton s.

pallida Nutt.

pale s.

Iodanthus pinnatifidus       (Michx.) Steud.

purplerocket

Ipomoea       L.

morningglory

batatas Lam.

sweetpotato

hederacea (L.) Jacq.

ivyleaf m.

lacunosa L.

white m.

leptophylla Torr.

bush m.

pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Mey.

bigroot m.

purpurea (L.) Roth

common m.

Isanthus brachiatus       (L.) BSP.

fluxweed

Isopyrum biternatum       (Raf.) T. & G.

Atlantic isopyrum

Iva       L.

sumpweed

ciliata Willd.

seacoast s.

xanthifolia Nutt.

rag s.

Jussiaea repens L. var. glabrescens Ktze. (J. diffusa       of manuals, not Forsk.)

floating waterprimrose

Justicia americana (L.) Vahl (Dianthera a.       L.)

American dianthera

Kallstroemia       Scop.

caltrop

hirsutissima Vail

hairy c.

intermedia Rydb.

intermediate c.

Kochia       Roth

kochia

Krameria lanceolata Torr. (K. secundiflora       of manuals, not DC.)

trailing krameria

Krigia       Schreb.

dwarfdandelion

dandelion (L.) Nutt. [Cynthia d. (L.) DC.]

tube d.

occidentalis Nutt. [Cymbia o. (Nutt.) Standl.]

western d.

oppositifolia Raf. [Serinia o. (Raf.) Ktze.]

common d.

Kuhnia       L.

kuhnia

eupatorioides L. (K. suaveolens Fresen.; K. hitchcockii A. Nels.)

falseboneset

Lactuca       L.

lettuce

canadensis L.

Canada l.

floridana (L.) Gaertn.

Florida l.

ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC.

Louisiana l.

pulchella (Pursh) DC.

chicory l.

scariola L. (L. serriola L.; L. virosa of manuals, not L.)

prickly l.

Lamium amplexicaule       L.

henbit

Laportea canadensis       (L.) Gaud.

woodnettle

Lappula       Moench

stickseed

echinata Gilib.

European s.

redowskii (Hornem.) Greene [L. occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene]

flatspine s.

texana (Scheele) Britt. (L. heterosperma Greene)

cupseed s.

Lechea tenuifolia       Michx.

pinweed

Leonurus cardiaca       L.

common motherwort

Lepidium       L.

pepperweed

campestre (L.) R. Br.

field p.

densiflorum Schrad.

peppergrass

perfoliatum L.

clasping p.

ramosissimum Nels.

manybranch p.

virginicum L.

Virginia p.

Lesquerella       S. Wats.

bladderpod

gracilis (Hook.) S. Wats. [including L. repanda (Nutt.) S. Wats.]

spreading b.

ludoviciana (Nutt.) S. Wats.

Louisiana b.

ovalifolia Rydb.

ovalleaf b.

Leucelene ericoides (see Aster arenosus)

Liatris       Schreb.

gayfeather

angustifolia (Bush) Gaiser

narrowleaf g.

kansana (Britt.) Rydb.

Kansas g.

punctata Hook.

dotted g.

pycnostachya Michx.

thickspike g.

scariosa (L.) Willd.

tall g.

squarrosa (L.) Michx.

scaly g.

Linaria       Mill.

toadflax

canadensis (L.) Dum. var. canadensis

oldfield t.

canadensis var. texana (Scheele) Pennell

Texas t.

vulgaris Hill

butter-and-eggs t.

Lindernia       All.

falsepimpernel

anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell

clasping f.

dubia (L.) Pennell

yellowseed f.

Linum       L.

flax

compactum A. Nels.

lewisii Pursh [L. pratense (Norton) Small]

lewis f.

rigidum Pursh

stiffstem f.

sulcatum Riddell

grooved f.

usitatissimum L.

common f.

Lippia       L.

lippia

cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud.

wedgeleaf fogfruit

lanceolata Michx. var. recognita Fern. & Grisc.

lanceleaf l.

Lithospermum       L.

gromwell

arvense L.

corn g.

canescens (Michx.) Lehm.

hoary g.

incisum Lehm. (L. angustifolium Michx., & L. linearifolium Goldie)

narrowleaf g.

latifolium Michx.

American g.

Lobelia       L.

lobelia

cardinalis L.

cardinalflower

siphilitica[44] L.

bigblue l.

spicata Lam.

palespike l.

splendens Willd.

western cardinalflower

Lomatium       Raf.

lomatium

foeniculaceum (Nutt.) C. & R. [including L. daucifolium (Nutt.) C. & R., & L. villosum Raf.]

carrotleaf l.

orientale C. & R.

eastern l.

Lonicera       L.

honeysuckle

Ludwigia       L.

seedbox

alternifolia L.

bushy s.

palustris (L.) Ell. var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.

marsh s.

polycarpa Short & Peter

manyseed s.

Lychnis alba       Mill.

white cockle

Lycopersicum esculentum       Mill.

tomato

Lycopus       L.

bugleweed

americanus Muhl.

American b.

asper Greene (L. lucidus Turcz.)

rough b.

virginicus L.

Virginia b.

Lygodesmia       D. Don

skeletonplant

juncea (Pursh) D. Don

rush s.

rostrata Gray

beaked s.

Lysimachia L. (including Steironema       Raf.)

loosestrife

ciliata L.

fringed l.

nummularia L.

moneywort

Lythrum alatum       Pursh

winged lythrum

Machaeranthera Nees (see Aster)

Macuillamia (see Bacopa)

Malacothrix sonchoides       (Nutt.) T. & G.

sowthistle malacothrix

Malva       L.

mallow

neglecta Wallr.

common m.

rotundifolia L.

running m.

sylvestris L.

high m.

verticillata L.

cluster m.

Mamillaria Haw. (Neomamillaria       Britt.)

mamillaria

missouriensis Sweet (including M. similis Engelm.)

Missouri m.

vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. [including Neomamillaria radiosa (Engelm.) Rybd.]

Marrubium vulgare       L.

common hoarhound

Martynia (see Proboscidea      )

Melampodium cinereum DC. (M. leucanthum       T. & G.)

plains blackfoot

Menispermum canadense       L.

common moonseed

Mentha arvensis       L.

field mint

Mentzelia       L.

mentzelia

decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg

tenpetal m.

nuda (Pursh) T. & G. var. stricta (Osterh.) Harrington [M. stricta (Osterh.) Stevens ex Jeff. & Little]

bractless m.

oligosperma Nutt.

stickleaf m.

Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip. [Agoseris c.       (Pursh) Raf.]

wavyleaf agoseris

Mimulus       L.

monkeyflower

alatus Ait.

sharpwing m.

glabratus HBK.

roundleaf m.

ringens L.

Alleghany m.

Mirabilis L. (including Oxybaphus L’Her., & Allionia       Loefl.)

four-o’clock

albida (Walt.) Heimerl

white f.

carletoni (Standl.) Standl.

carleton f.

hirsuta (Pursh) MacM.

hairy f.

linearis (Pursh) Heimerl

narrowleaf f.

nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.

prairie f.

Mollugo verticillata       L.

carpetweed

Monarda       L.

beebalm

citriodora Cerv.

lemon b.

clinopodioides Gray

basil b.

fistulosa L. var. menthaefolia (Graham) Fern. (M. menthaefolia Graham)

mintleaf b.

fistulosa L. var. mollis (L.) Benth. (M. mollis L.)

wildbergamot b.

punctata L. subsp. occidentalis Epl. (M. pectinata Nutt.)

spotted b.

Monolepis nuttalliana       (R. & S.) Greene

nuttall monolepis

Myosotis verna. Nutt. (M. virginica       of manuals)

Virginia forgetmenot

Myosurus minimus       L.

tiny mousetail

Myriophyllum       L.

parrotfeather

heterophyllum Michx.

changeleaf p.

pinnatum (Walt.) BSP.

green p.

Nasturtium officinale       R. Br.

nasturtium

Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. [?N. pentapetala       (Walt.) Fern.]

American lotus

Nepeta L. (see also Glechoma      )

nepeta

cataria L.

catnip

Nicotiana       L.

tobacco

Nuphar advena       (Ait.) Ait. f.

spatterdock cowlily

Nymphaea odorata       Ait.

American waterlily

Oënothera       L.

eveningprimrose

albicaulis Pursh

pale e.

biennis L.

common e.

biennis L. var. hirsutissima Gray [O. strigosa (Rydb.) Mackenz. & Bush]

bristly-common e.

canescens Torr. & Frem.

beakpod e.

coronopifolia T. & G.

combleaf e.

fremontii S. Wats.

fremont e.

hartwegii Benth. var. fendleri Gray

fendler e.

hookeri T. & G.

hooker e.

laciniata Hill

cutleaf e.

lavandulaefolia T. & G.

lavenderleaf e.

linifolia Nutt.

narrowleaf e.

missouriensis Sims

Missouri e.

rhombipetala Nutt.

fourpoint e.

serrulata Nutt.

serrateleaf e.

speciosa Nutt.

white e.

tetragona Roth var. latifolia (Rydb.) Fern. (Kneiffia latifolia Rydb.)

broadleaf e.

triloba Nutt.

stemless e.

Onosmodium       Michx.

marbleseed

hispidissimum Mackenz.

rough m.

occidentale Mackenz.

western m.

Oonopsis engelmannii (see Haplapappus)

Opuntia       Mill.

pricklypear; cholla

arborescens Engelm. [O. imbricata (Haw.) DC.]

walkingstick c.

fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.

brittle p.

humifusa Raf.

common p.

macrorhiza Engelm.

bigroot p.

polyacantha Haw.

plains p.

tortispina Engelm.

twistspine p.

Oreocarya (see Cryptantha)

Orobanche       L.

broomrape

ludoviciana Nutt.

Louisiana b.

uniflora L.

ghostpipe

Osmorhiza longistylis       (Torr.) DC.

longstyle sweetroot

Othake (see Palafoxia)

Oxalis       L.

oxalis

europaea Jord.

European yellow o.

stricta L.

common yellow o.

violacea L.

violet woodsorrel o.

Oxybaphus (included in Mirabilis)

Palafoxia spacelata (Nutt.) Cory [Othake s.       (Nutt.) Rydb.]

othake

Parietaria pensylvanica       Muhl.

pellitory

Paronychia       Mill.

nailwort

canadensis (L.) Wood [Anychia c. (L.) BSP.]

Canada n.

fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. (Anychia polygonoides Raf.)

forked n.

jamesii T. & G.

james n.

Parthenium integrifolium       L.

parthenium

Pastinaca sativa       L.

parsnip

Pectis angustifolia       Torr.

pectis

Pedicularis canadensis       L.

pedicularis

Penstemon       Mitchell

penstemon

albidus Nutt.

white p.

ambiguus Torr.

gilia p.

angustifolius Nutt. ex Pursh, subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck

narrowleaf p.

buckleyi Pennell

buckley p.

cobaea Nutt.

cobaea p.

digitalis Nutt.

smooth p.

grandiflorus Nutt.

shell-leaf p.

pallidus Small

pale p.

tubaeflorus Nutt.

tube p.

Penthorum sedoides       L.

penthorum

Perideridia americana (Nutt.) Reichenb. (Eulophus a.       Nutt.)

eulophus

Perilla frutescens       (L.) Britt.

common perilla

Phacelia       Juss.

phacelia

gilioides A. Brand (P. hirsuta of many SW botanists, not Nutt.)

hairy p.

integrifolia Torr.

gyp p.

Phellopterus (see Cymopterus)

Phlox       L.

phlox

bifida Beck

tenpoint p.

divaricata L.

sweetwilliam p.

paniculata L.

summer p.

pilosa L.

prairie p.

Phryma leptostachya       L.

lopseed

Physalis       L.

groundcherry

angulata L.

cutleaf g.

comata Rydb.

hillside g.

heterophylla Nees [including P. ambigua (Gray) Rydb.]

clammy g.

ixocarpa Brotero

tomatillo g.

lanceolata Michx.

lanceleaf g.

lobata Torr. [Quincula l. (Torr.) Raf.]

chineselantern

longifolia Nutt.

spearleaf g.

macrophysa Rydb.

bladder g.

missouriensis Mackenz. & Bush

Missouri g.

pendula Rydb.

purplevein g.

pruinosa L.

hairy g.

pubescens L.

downy g.

pumila Nutt.

prairie g.

rotundata Rydb.

roundleaf g.

subglabrata Mackenz. & Bush

taperleaf g.

virginiana Mill.

Virginia g.

Physostegia       Benth.

lionsheart

intermedia (Nutt.) Engelm. & Gray

intermediate l.

virginiana (L.) Benth.

Virginia l.

Phytolacca americana L. (P. decandra       L.)

common pokeberry

Picradeniopsis (see Bahia)

Pilea pumila       (L.) A. Gray

clearweed

Plantago       L.

plantain

aristata Michx.

bottlebrush p.

lanceolata L.

buckhorn p.[45]

purshii R. & S.

woolly p.

pusilla Nutt. (P. elongata of manuals, not Pursh)

slender p.

rhodosperma Dcne.

redseed p.

rugelii Dcne.

blackseed p.

spinulosa Dcne.

brittlebract p.

virginica L.

paleseed p.

Podophyllum peltatum       L.

common mayapple

Polanisia trachysperma       T. & G.

roughseed clammyweed

Polemonium reptans       L.

creeping polemonium

Polygala       L.

polygala

alba Nutt.

white p.

incarnata L.

sanguinea L. (including P. viridescens L.)

blood p.

verticillata L.

whorled p.

Polygonum L. (see also Tovara      )

knotweed; smartweed

aviculare L. (including P. buxiforme Small)

prostrate k.

coccineum Muhl.

swamp s.

convolvulus L.

climbing-buckwheat

erectum L.

erect k.

hydropiper L.

marshpepper s.

hydropiperoides Michx.

swamp s.

lapathifolium L. (including P. tomentosum of manuals)

curltop s.

longistylum Small

longstyle s.

pensylvanicum L. (including P. omissum Greene)

Pennsylvania s.

persicaria L.

ladysthumb s.

persicarioides HBK.

southwest s.

punctatum Ell.

dotted s.

ramosissimum Michx.

bushy k.

tenue Michx.

slim k.

Polytaenia nuttalii       DC.

polytaenia

Portulaca       L.

portulaca; purslane

oleracea L.

common purslane

parvula Gray

slenderleaf purslane

Potentilla       L.

cinquefoil

arguta Pursh

clammy c.

norvegica L.

Norwegian c.

paradoxa Nutt.

bushy c.

rivalis Nutt.

brook c.

simplex Michx. (P. canadensis of manuals, not L.)

oldfield c.

sulfurea Lam.

Prenanthes aspera       Michx.

rough rattlesnakeroot

Prionopsis ciliata (see Haplopappus ciliatus)

Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. (Martynia l.       Mill.)

common devilsclaw

Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata       (Bart.) Fern.

common selfheal

Psilostrophe villosa       Rydb.

paperflower

Ptilimnium nuttallii       (DC.) Brit.

mockbishopweed

Ptiloria (see Stephanomeria)

Pycnanthemum       Michx.

mountainmint

flexuosum (Walt.) BSP.

slender m.

pilosum Nutt.

woods m.

Pyrrhopappus       DC.

falsedandelion

carolinianus (Walt.) DC.

Carolina f.

scaposus DC. (P. grandiflorus Nutt.)

tuber f.

Quincula (see Physalis)

Ranunculus       L.

buttercup; crowfoot

abortivus L.

littleleaf b.

acris L.

tall b.

cymbalaria Pursh

shore b.

fascicularis Muhl.

tufted b.

flabellaris Raf.

threadleaf b.

hispidus Michx.

bristly b.

longirostris Godr.

longbeak b.

sceleratus L.

cursed c.

Raphanus       L.

radish

Ratibida       Raf.

prairieconeflower

columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.

upright p.

pinnata (Vent.) Barnh.

grayhead p.

tagetes (James) Barnh.

shortray p.

Rheum       L.

rhubarb

Ricinus communis       L.

castorbean

Rorippa Scop. (see also Armoracia      )

yellowcress; marshcress

islandica (Oeder) Borbas [including R. hispida (DC.) Britt. & R. palustris (L.) Bess.]

bog y.

sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc.

stalkless y.

sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc.

spreading y.

Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne var. interior       Fern. & Grisc.

rotala

Rudbeckia L. (see also Dracopis      )

coneflower

grandiflora (D. Don) Gmel.

rough c.

hirta L.

blackeyedsusan

laciniata L.

cutleaf c.

subtomentosa Pursh

sweet c.

triloba L.

browneyedsusan

Ruellia       L.

ruellia

humilis Nutt. (R. ciliosa of manuals, in part;

R. caroliniensis of manuals, in part)

fringeleaf r.

strepens L.

limestone r.

Rumex       L.

dock; sorrel

acetosella L.

red s.

altissimus Wood

pale d.

crispus L.

curled d.

hastatulus Baldw.

heartwing s.

maritimus L. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen (R. persicarioides of manuals, not L.)

golden d.

obtusifolius L.

bitter d.

patientia L.

patience d.

venosus Pursh

veiny d.

Sabatia[46] campestris       Nutt.

prairie rosegentian

Sagina decumbens       (Ell.) T. & G.

trailing pearlwort

Salsola kali L. (S. pestifer       Nels.)

russianthistle

Salvia       L.

sage

azurea Lam. var. grandiflora Benth. (S. pitcheri Torr.)

pitcher s.

officinalis L.

garden s.

reflexa Hornem. (including S. lanceolata Willd., & S. lanceafolia of authors, not Poir.)

lanceleaf s.

Samolus parviflorus       Raf.

samolus

Sanguinaria canadensis       L.

bloodroot

Sanicula       L.

sanicle

canadensis L.

Canada s.

gregaria Bickn.

cluster s.

marilandica L.

black s.

Saponaria       L.

soapwort

officinalis L.

bouncingbet

vaccaria L. (Vaccaria vulgaris Host)

cow s.

Scrophularia       L.

figwort

lanceolata Pursh

lanceleaf f.

marilandica L.

Maryland f.

Scutellaria       L.

skullcap

incana Biehler

hoary s.

lateriflora L.

sideflowering s.

ovata Hill

eggleaf s.

parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett [S. australis (Fassett) Epling]

southern-small s.

parvula Michx. var. leonardi (Epling) Fern. (S. leonardi Epling)

leonard-small s.

parvula Michx. var. parvula

small s.

resinosa Torr.

resinous s.

Sedum       L.

stonecrop

Selenia aurea       Nutt.

golden selenia

Senecio       L.

groundsel

aureus L.

golden g.

integerrimus Nutt.

lambstongue g.

obovatus Muhl.

roundleaf g.

plattensis Nutt.

prairie g.

riddellii T. & G.

riddell g.

tridenticulatus Rydb.

Sesamum indicum       L.

sesame

Sicyos angulatus       L.

burcucumber

Sida spinosa       L.

prickly sida

Sideranthus (see Haplopappus)

Silene       L.

silene

antirrhina L.

sleepy s. (sleepy catchfly)

cucubalus Wibel [S. latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle, S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, & S. inflata Sm.]

cowbell s.

noctiflora L.

nightflowering s.

stellata (L.) Ait. f.

starry s.

Silphium       L.

rosinweed

integrifolium Michx. (including S. speciosum Nutt.)

wholeleaf r.

laciniatum L.

compassplant

perfoliatum L.

cup r.

Sisymbrium       L.

sisymbrium

altissimum L.

tumblemustard

officinale (L.) Scop.

hedgemustard

Solanum       L.

nightshade

carolinense L.

horsenettle

elaeagnifolium Cav.

silverleaf n.

nigrum L.

black n.

rostratum Dunal

buffalobur n.

torreyi Gray

torrey n.

triflorum Nutt.

cutleaf n.

tuberosum L.

potato

Solidago       L.

goldenrod

altissima L. (including some Kansas specimens called S. dumetorum Lunell)

tall g.

angusta T. & G. (S. lindheimeriana Scheele)

canadensis L.

Canada g.

gigantea Ait. (including S. serotina Ait.)

November g.

graminifolia (L.) Salisb. [Euthamia g. (L.) Nutt.]

grassleaf g.

gymnospermoides (Greene) Fern. (Euthamia g. Greene)

sticky g.

missouriensis Nutt. (including S. glaberrima Martens & S. moritura Steele)

Missouri g.

mollis Bartl.

ashy g.

nemoralis Ait.

dyersweed g.

petiolaris Ait.

downy g.

pruinosa Greene (including some Kansas specimens called S. dumetorum Lunell)

rigida L.

stiff g.

sparsiflora Gray (S. trinervata Greene)

threenerve g.

speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula T. & G. [S. rigidiuscula (T. & G.) Porter]

showywand g.

speciosa Nutt. var. speciosa

noble g.

ulmifolia Muhl.

elmleaf g.

Sonchus       L.

sowthistle

arvensis L.

perennial s.

asper (L.) Hill

prickly s.

oleraceus L.

common s.

Specularia       Fabricius

venuslookingglass

biflora (R. & P.) Fisch. & Mey.

small v.

leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray

slimpod v.

perfoliata (L.) A. DC.

clasping v.

Spermolepis       Raf.

spermolepis

divaricata (Walt) Britt.

forked s.

inermis (Nutt.) Math. & Const. [S. patens (Nutt.) Robins.]

spreading s.

Sphaeralcea       St. Hil.

globemallow

angusta (Gray) Fern.

angustifolia (Cav.) Don var. cuspidata Gray (S. cuspidata of manuals)

narrowleaf g.

coccinea (Pursh) Rydb.

scarlet g.

Stachys tenuifolia       Willd.

slenderleaf betony

Stanleya pinnata       (Pursh) Britt.

desert princesplume

Steironema (included in Lysimachia)

Stellaria media       (L.) Cyrillo

chickweed

Stenosiphon linifolius       (Nutt.) Britt.

stenosiphon

Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. [Ptiloria       p. (Torr.) Raf.]

wirelettuce

Stillingia sylvatica L. var. salicifolia Torr. [S. salicifolia       (Torr.) Raf.]

stillingia

Striga lutea       Lour.

witchweed

Suaeda depressa (Pursh) S. Wats. [including S. erecta       (Wats.) A. Nels.]

pursh seepweed (seablite)

Taenidia integerrima       (L.) Drude

yellow taenidia

Talinum       Adans.

fameflower

calycinum Engelm.

rockpink f.

parviflorum Nutt.

prairie f.

Tanacetum vulgare       L.

common tansy

Taraxacum       Zinn

dandelion

laevigatum (Willd.) DC. (T. erythrospermum Andrz.)

smooth d.

officinale Weber (T. vulgare Lam.)

common d.

Teucrium       L.

germander

canadense L. var. virginicum (L.) Eat.

American g.

laciniatum Torr.

cutleaf g.

occidentale Gray

hairy g.

Thalictrum dasycarpum       Fisch. & Lall.

purple meadowrue

Thaspium       Nutt.

thaspium

barbinode (Michx.) Nutt.

hairyjoint t.

trifoliatum (L.) Gray

threeleaf t.

Thelesperma       Less.

greenthread

gracile (Torr.) Gray

slender g.

trifidum (Poir.) Britt.

threecleft g.

Thlaspi arvense       L.

pennycress

Tidestromia lanuginosa       (Nutt.) Standl.

woolly tidestromia

Tithymalus (see Euphorbia)

Tomanthera (see Gerardia)

Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. (Polygonum v.       L.)

Virginia tovara

Townsendia sericea Hook. [T. exscapa       (Rich.) Porter]

stemless townsendia

Tragia urticifolia Michx. (T. nepetaefolia of manuals, not Cav., including T. ramosa       of manuals, not Torr.)

nettleleaf noseburn

Tragopogon       L.

salsify

dubius Scop. (T. major Jacq.)

western s.

porrifolius L.

vegetable-oyster s.

pratensis L.

meadow s.

Tribulus terrestris       L.

puncturevine

Triosteum       L.

horsegentian

aurantiacum Bickn.

orange h.

perfoliatum L.

common h.

Urtica procera       Muhl.

tall nettle

Utricularia vulgaris       L.

common bladderwort

Vaccaria (see Saponaria)

Valerianella radiata       (L.) Dufr.

cornsalad

Verbascum       L.

mullein

blattaria L.

moth m.

thapsus L.

flannel m.

Verbena       L.

verbena

bipinnatifida Nutt.

Dakota v.

bracteata Lag. & Rodr.

bigbract v.

canadensis (L.) Britt.

rose v.

hastata L.

blue v.

simplex Lehm.

narrowleaf v.

stricta Vent.

woolly v.

urticifolia L.

white v.

Verbesina       L.

crownbeard

alternifolia (L.) Britt. [Actinomeris a. (L.) DC.]

wingstem

encelioides (Cav.) B. & H. (Ximenesia e. Cav.)

golden c.

virginica L.

white c.

Vernonia       Schreb.

ironweed

baldwini Torr. var. baldwini

baldwin i.

baldwini Torr. var. interior (Small) Schub.

inland i.

crinita Raf.

bur i.

marginata (Torr.) Raf.

plains i.

Veronica       L.

speedwell

arvensis L.

common s.

peregrina L.

purslane s.

polita Fries (V. didyma Ten.)

wayside s.

salina Schur. (V. connata of manuals)

cupleaf s.

serpyllifolia L.

thymeleaf s.

Veronicastrum virginicum       (L.) Farw.

culversphysic

Viola       L.

violet

eriocarpa Schw.

woolpod v.

kitaibeliana R. & S. var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern. (V. rafinesquii Greene)

johnnyjumpup

missouriensis Greene

Missouri v.

nuttallii Pursh

nuttall v.

papilionacea Pursh

butterfly v.

pedata L.

birdsfoot v.

pedatifida G. Don

prairie v.

sororia Willd.

sister v.

Xanthium strumarium L. (including X. chinense Mill., X. globosum Shull, X. italicum Moretti, X. pensylvanicum Wallr., and X. speciosum       Kearney)

cocklebur

Ximenesia (see Verbesina)

Zinnia grandiflora       Nutt.

Rocky Mountain zinnia

Zizia aurea       (L.) W. D. J. Koch

golden zizia

FOOTNOTES:

[43] Asclepiodora is included in Asclepias in some manuals.

[44] From Gray: spelled syphilitica in some manuals.

[45] The word “plantain” may be omitted from the common name of this species, calling it simply “buckhorn.”

[46] From Gray: spelled Sabbatia in some manuals.

WOODY PLANTS

Acer       L.

maple

negundo L.

boxelder

nigrum Michx. f.

black m.

saccharinum L.

silver m.

saccharum Marsh.

sugar m.

Aesculus       L.

buckeye

glabra Willd. var. glabra

Ohio b.

glabra Willd. var. sargentii Rehd.

western b.

Ailanthus altissima       (Mill.) Swingle

treeofheaven

Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. (A. canadensis       sensu Wieg., not Medic.)

serviceberry

Amorpha       L.

amorpha

canescens Pursh

leadplant

fruticosa L.

indigobush a.

nana Nutt.

dwarfindigo a.

Ampelopsis cordata       Michx.

heartleaf falsegrape

Artemisia filifolia       Torr.

sand sagebrush

Asimina triloba       (L.) Dunal

pawpaw

Atriplew       L.

saltbush

argentea Nutt.

silverscale s.

canescens (Pursh) Nutt.

fourwing s.

patula L.

fat-hen s.

Baccharis       L.

baccharis

neglecta Britt.

landbank b.

salicina T. & G.

willow b.

wrightii Gray

wright b.

Berberis       L.

barberry

thunbergii DC.

Japanese b.

vulgaris L.

European b.

Betula nigra       L.

river birch

Bumelia lanuginosa       (Michx.) Pers.

woollybucket bumelia

Campsis       Lour.

trumpetcreeper

grandiflora (Thunb.) Laisel

Chinese t.

radicans (L.) Seem.

common t.

Caragana arborescens       Lam.

Siberian peashrub

Carya       Nutt.

hickory

cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch

bitternut h.

illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch [C. pecan (Marsh.) Engl. & Graebn.]

pecan

laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud.

shellbark h.

ovalis (Wang.) Sarg.

red h.

ovalis var. obovalis (Marsh.) Sarg.

pignut h.

ovata (Mill.) K. Koch

shagbark h.

tomentosa Nutt.

mockernut h.

villosa Ashe

black h.

Catalpa       Scop.

catalpa

Ceanothus       L.

ceanothus

americanus L.

jerseytea c.

ovatus Desf.

inland c.

Celastrus scandens       L.

American bittersweet

Celtis       L.

hackberry

laevigata Willd.

southern h.

occidentalis L. [C. occidentalis L. var. crassifolia (Lam.) Gray]

common h.

reticulata Torr. (including C. rugulosa Rydb.)

netleaf h.

tenuifolia Nutt. (C. pumila of most Amer. authors, not Pursh)

small h.

Cephalanthus occidentalis       L.

common buttonbush

Cercis canadensis       L.

eastern redbud

Chrysothamnus pulchellus       (Gray) Greene

southwest rabbitbrush

Cornus       L.

dogwood

drummondi Meyer (C. asperifolia of authors, not Michx.)

roughleaf d.

obliqua Raf.

pale d.

Corylus       L.

filbert[47]

americana Walt.

American f.

cornuta Marsh.

beaked f.

Crataegus       L.

hawthorn

calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medic.

pear h.

collina Chapm.

sandhill h.

crus-galli L.

cockspur h.

mollis (T. & G.) Scheele

downy h.

succulenta Link

fleshy h.

viridis L.

green h.

Cytisus       L.

broom

Diospyros virginiana       L.

common persimmon

Elaeagnus angustifolia       L.

russianolive

Euonymus       L.

euonymus

americanus L.

brook e.

atropurpureus Jacq.

eastern wahoo

Eurotia lanata       (Pursh) Moq.

winterfat

Fraxinus       L.

ash

americana L.

white a.

pennsylvanica Marsh var. pennsylvanica

red a.

pennsylvanica Marsh var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. [var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.]

green a.

quadrangulata Michx.

blue a.

Ginkgo biloba       L.

ginkgo

Gleditsia triacanthos       L.

common honeylocust

Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby (including G. diversifolia Greene, & G. linearis       Rydb.)

broom snakeweed

Gymnocladus dioica       (L.) K. Koch

Kentucky coffeetree

Ilex decidua       Walt.

holly

Juglans       L.

walnut

cinerea L.

butternut

nigra L.

black w.

Juniperus virginiana       L.

redcedar; juniper

Lespedeza bicolor       Turcz.

shrub lespedeza

Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.)

Butters (L. glaucescens Rydb.)

honeysuckle

Lycium halimifolium       Mill.

matrimonyvine

Maclura pomifera       (Rat) Schneid.

osageorange

Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. (Berberis a. Pursh, Odostemon a.       of manuals)

oregongrape

Malus (see Pyrus)

Morus       L.

mulberry

alba L.

white m.

nigra L.

black m.

rubra L.

red m.

Odostemon (see Mahonia)

Ostrya virginiana       (Mill.) K. Koch

American hophornbeam

Parthenocissus       Planch.

creeper

quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

Virginia c.

vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.

thicket c.

Platanus occidentalis       L.

sycamore

Populus       L.

cottonwood; poplar

alba L.

white p.

deltoides Marsh.

eastern c.

sargentii Dode

plains c.

Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals, including P. glandulosa Torr. & P. velutina       Woot.)

mesquite

Prunus       L.

plum; cherry

americana Marsh. var. americana

American p.

americana Marsh. var. lanata Sudw. (P. lanata Mackenz. & Bush)

inch p.

angustifolia Marsh.

chickasaw p.

besseyi Bailey

sand c.

gracilis Engelm. & Gray

Oklahoma p.

hortulana Bailey

hortulan p.

mexicana S. Wats.

Mexican p.

munsoniana Wight & Hedr.

wildgoose p.

serotina Ehrh.

black c.

virginiana L.

common chokecherry

Ptelea trifoliata       L.

common hoptree

Pyrus L. (including Malus       Mill.)

apple; crabapple

angustifolia Ait.

southern c.

communis L.

pear

coronaria L.

wild sweet c.

ioensis (Wood) Bailey

prairie c.

malus L. (Malus pumila Mill.)

common a.

Quercus       L.

oak

alba L.

white o.

imbricaria Michx.

shingle o.

macrocarpa Michx.

bur o.

marilandica Muenchh.

blackjack o.

muchlenbergii Engelm. [Q. prinoides Willd. var. acuminata (Michx.) Gl.]

chinquapin o.

palustris Muenchh.

pin o.

prinoides Willd.

dwarf chinquapin o.

rubra L. var. rubra (Q. borealis Michx. f. var. maxima Ashe)

eastern red o.

rubra L. var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw. (Q. borealis Michx. f.)

northern red o.

shumardii Buckl. var. shumardii

shumard o.

shumardii Buckl. var. schneckii (Britt.) Sarg.

schneck o.

stellata Wang.

post o.

velutina Lam.

black o.

X hillii Trel. (Q. bicolor Willd. X Q. macrocarpa Michx.)

hills o.

Rhamnus lanceolata       Pursh

lanceleaf buckthorn

Rhus       L.

sumac

aromatica Ait. (including R. trilobata Nutt.)

aromatic s.

copallina L.

flameleaf s.

glabra L.

smooth s.

radicans L. (R. toxicodendron of manuals, in part, not L.)[48]

poisonivy

Ribes       L.

gooseberry; currant

missouriense Nutt.

Missouri g.

odoratum Wendland f.

flowering c.

Robinia       L.

locust

pseudo-acacia L.

black l.

viscosa Vent.

clammy l.

Rosa       L.

rose

arkansana Porter var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell (R. suffulta Greene)

Arkansas r.

blanda Ait.

meadow r.

carolina L.

carolina r.

multiflora Thunb.

multiflora r.

rubifolia R. Br.

redleaf r.

setigera Michx.

prairie r.

woodsii Lindl.

woods r.

Rubus       L.

blackberry; dewberry; raspberry

flagellaris Willd.

northern d.

laciniatus Willd.

cutleaf b.

occidentalis L.

blackcap r.

odoratus L.

fragrant thimbleberry

ostryifolius Rydb.

highbrush b.

Salix       L.

willow

amygdaloides Anderss.

almondleaf w.

babylonica L.

weeping w.

caroliniana Michx. (S. longipes Shuttlew., S. wardi Bebb)

coastalplain w.

discolor Muhl.

pussy w.

eriocephala Michx. (S. missouriensis Bebb)

diamond w.

exigua Nutt.

coyote w.

fragilis L.

brittle w.

humilis Marsh. var. microphylla, (Anderss.) Fern. (S. tristis Ait.)

dwarf pussy w.

humilis Marsh. var. humilis, & var. hyporhysa Fern. [These two include var.] rigidiuscula (Anderss.) Robins. & Fern.

prairie w.

interior Rowlee

sandbar w.

nigra Marsh.

black w.

rigida Muhl. (S. cordata Muhl., not Michx.)

heartleaf w.

Sambucus canadensis       L.

American elderberry

Sapindas drummondi       H. & A.

western soapberry

Sarcobatus vermiculatus       (Hook.) Torr.

greasewood

Sassafras albidum       (Nutt.) Nees

common sassafras

Sorbus aucuparia       L.

European mountainash

Staphylea trifolia       L.

American bladdernut

Symphoricarpos       Duham.

snowberry

occidentalis Hook.

western s.

orbiculatus Moench

buckbrush

Syringa vulgaris       L.

common lilac

Tamarix       L.

tamarisk

Tilia       L.

linden; basswood[49]

americana L. (including T. palmeri Bush ex. F. C. Gates)

American l.

europaea L.

European l.

platyphyllos Scop.

bigleaf l.

Ulmus       L.

elm

alata Michx.

winged e.

americana L.

American e.

carpinifolia Gleditsch.

smoothleaf e.

parvifolia Jacq.

Chinese e.

procera Salisb.

English e.

pumila L.

Siberian e.

rubra Muhl. (U. fulva Michx.)

slippery e.

thomasi Sarg.

rock e.

Viburnum       L.

viburnum

prunifolium L.

blackhaw v.

rufidulum Raf.

rusty blackhaw v.

Vitis       L.

wild grape

Wisteria macrostachya       Nutt.

wisteria

Xanthoxylum americanum       Mill.

common pricklyash

Yucca glauca       Nutt.

small soapweed

FOOTNOTES:

[47] Hazel in many texts.

[48] R. radicans is an extremely variable species.

[49] Basswood, a lumber trade name.

LIST OF SPECIES NAMES IN COMMON USE AND THEIR ENGLISH MEANING

acaulis

stemless

acicularis

needle-like

acuminatus

long-pointed, tapering

aestivalis

summer

affinis

related to

agrostoides

similar to agrostis

airoides

sky-blue

alatus

winged

alba

white

albidus, albus

white

alopecuroides

foxtail

alternifolius

alternate-leaved

altissimus

very tall

amabilis

lovely

amplexicaulis

clasping the stem

anceps

two-headed or edged

angustifolius

narrow-leaved

apiculatus

tipped with a point

annua

yearly

arachnifera

spiderwebby

arborescens

tree-like

arenarius

of sandy places

arenicola

sand inhabitant

argenteus

silvery

argillaceus

of clay or clay-colored

argutus

sharp-toothed

arida

dry

aridus

arid

aristatus

bearded

arundinacea

reed-bearing

arundinaceous

reed-like

arvensis

of cultivated fields

asper

rough

asperifolia

rough leaves

atropurpureus

dark-purple

atrovirens

dark-green

aureus

golden

australis

southern

azureus

sky-blue

baccatus

berried

barbatus

barbed, bearded

barbinodis

barbed at nodes

barbulatum

bearded

basirmea

branches low; toward bottom

bicolor

two-colored

bidentata

two-toothed

bifidum

two-forked

bifidus

twice-cut

biflorus

two-flowered

borealis

northern

brachystachy

short-spiked

bulbifera

bulb-bearing

caeruleus

sky-blue, dark-blue

campanularia

bell-flowered

campestris

of the fields or plains

candidus

white, shining

canescens

gray-hairy

capillaris

hair-like

capitatus

headed

carinatus

keeled

catharticus

cathartic

caudatus

tailed

cernuus

drooping

chloranthus

green-flowered

ciliatifolium

hairy leaves

cilianensis

hairy

ciliaris, ciliatus

fringed

cinereus

ash-colored

circulare

round

clandestinus

concealed

coccineus

scarled

colonum

cultivated

comatus

with hair

communis

gregarious

commutatus

changing

comosus

long-haired

compressa

compressed

compressus

compressed

confertus

crowded

confusus

confused, uncertain

contortus

contorted

contracta

narrowed

cordatus

heart-shaped

corniculatus

horned

crassifolius

thick-leaved

cristatus

crested

crus-galli

cockspur

cryptandrus

hidden stamens

cucullata

hooded pedicel

cuneatus

wedge-shaped

curtipedicellata

short pedicel

curtipendula

short pendula

cuspidata

sharp, pointed

dactyloides

finger-shaped

dactylon

finger

debilis

weak

decumbens

reclining

deflexus

bent downward

deltoides

triangular

depauperatum

stunted

dichotoma

forked in pairs

dichotomiflorum

flowering in twos

diffusa

loosely branching

dilatatum

dilated, expanded

discolor

different colors

distichum

2-rank; leaves or flowers in rank on opposites sides of stem

divaricata

spreading, widely divergent

donax

reed or cane

dubia

doubtful

dulcis

sweet

dumosus

bushy

echinatus

prickly

edulis

edible

elatior

taller

elatus

tall

elongata

lengthened

erectum

upright

eriopoda

having hairs at base

esculentus

edible

everta

expelled, turned out

extensa

spread out or stretched out

falcatus

sickle-shaped

fasciculatus

fascicled

filiformis

long, very slender, thread-like

fistulosis

hollow, cylindrical

flabellatus

fan-like parts

flavescens

yellowish

flavus

yellow

flexilis

pliant

flexuosa

alternately bent in different directions

floridanum

flowering or from Florida

fragilis

brittle, fragile

fragrans

fragrant, odorous

frondosus

leafy

frutescens

shrubby, bushy

furcatus

forked

geminatum

double

geniculata

bent more or less like a knee

geniculatus

jointed

glaber

smooth

glabriflorus

smooth flower

glomerata

dense or compact cluster or clusters

gracilis

slender

gramineus

grassy

hastatus

spear-shaped

heterolepsis

heterogeneous scales

heterophyllus

various-leaved; with leaves of more than one shape

hiomalis

pertaining to winter

hians

spread out

hirsuta

bristly or prickly

hirta

hairy

hispidus

bristly

hortensis

of or belonging to a garden

humilis

dwarf

hyemalis

of winter

hystrix

bristly

incanus

hoary

indentata

toothed, indented

indurata

hardened

inermis

unarmed

intermedium

intermediate

interruptis

not continuous, irregular

jubatum

crested, with a mane

junceus

rush-like

labiatus

lipped

laeve

left hand

laevigatus

smooth

laevis

smooth

lanatus

wooly

lanosa

wooly

lanuginosum

wooly, downy

lanuginosus

wooly

lasiocarpus

rough- or wooly-fruited

latifolia

broad leaf

latiglumis

wide glumes

laxa

loose

leucanthus

white-flowered

leucotricha

white hairs

linearifolum

long, slender leaves

longispica

long-spiked

longpipes

long-footed

lutescens

yellowish or becoming yellow

macranthus

large-flowered

macrocarpus

large fruits

macrophyllus

large-leaved

macrus

large

maculatus

spotted

malacophyllum

soft leaves

maritimus

of the sea

micranthus

small-flowered

microcarpon

small-fruited

miliaceum

pertaining to millet

mirabilis

wonderful

mollis

soft

monspeliensis

lives in caves and mountains

montanus

of mountains

multiflorum

many-flowered

muralis

of walls

murinum

mouse-colored

mutabile

changeable

mutabilis

variable

mutica

curtailed

nanus

dwarf

natans

floating

neglectus

overlooked

nemoralis

of groves or woods

nitens

shining

nudicaulis

naked-stemmed

nutans

nodding

obtusata

blunt, rounded

obtusum

blunted, dull

occidentale

western

octoflora

8-flowered

officinalis

official

olignathus

few-flowered

orientalis

eastern

ornatus

adorned

ovinus

of sheep

palustris

marsh-loving

paniculatus

in panicles

parviflora

small-flowered

parvifolius

small-leaved

patens

spreading

patula

spreading

pauciflorus

few-flowered

pectinatus

comb-like

perennans

perennial

phleoides

resembling timothy

pilifera

bearing hairs

pilosa

with long hairs

polyanthes

many-flowered

polyanthus

many-flowered

pracocius

aggressive

pratense

of meadows

pubens

downy

pubescens

downy, covered with soft hairs

pubiflorum

downy-flowered

pulchellus

pretty, beautiful

pumila

dwarf

pumilus

dwarf

purpurascens

purplish

purpurea

purple

pusillum

very small

ramosissima

many-branched

ramosus

branched

repens

creeping

reptans

creeping

retroflexus

reflaxed

regodoseta

stiff bristles

robustus

robust, stout

rupestris

rock-loving

rostratus

rostrate, beaked

rugosa

wrinkled

saccharinus

saccharine

saccaroides

sweet; like sugar

salinus

salty

sanguilalis

blood-colored

sanguineus

blood-red

sativa

cultivated

sativus

cultivated

scandens

climbing

sciurea

resembling squirrel’s tail

scoparius

broom-like

secundiflora

one-sided

septentrionalis

northern

sericea

silken

serotinus

late-flowering

sessilispicata

without pedicel

setaceus

bristle-like

sobolifera

bearing creeping, rooting stems or shoots

speciosus

showy, good-looking

spectabilis

spectacular, worth seeing

sphaerocarpon

round-fruited

squarrosa

with parts spreading or recurved at ends

sterilis

sterile, infertile

stramineum

straw-colored

strictus

strict, upright, erect

tectorum

of roofs, or houses

temulentum

drunken

tenarum

slender, tender, soft

tenarius

slender

tener

slender

tenuiflora

slender flowers

tenuis

slender, thin

tinctorius

of dyes

tomentosus

densely wooly

trichodes

pilose

tridens

with 3 teeth

trifidus

three-parted

trunicata

blunt

uncinatus

hooked

vaginaeflorus

flowers in sheath

vaginatus

sheathed

vernalis

vernal

vernis

of spring

versuta

versatile

verticellata

in whorls

villosa

hairy

villosissimum

hairy

villosus

hairy

virens

green

viridis

green

virgatus

twiggy

vulgaris

common

Transcriber’s Note:

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of the section in which the anchor occurs. Footnotes [9], [11], [18], [19], [22], and [32] have multiple anchors. Obvious printing errors, such as backwards, upside down, or partially printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Letters in reversed order and several italics mark-ups were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of abbreviations were added.

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated below. Obsolete and alternative spellings were left unchanged. Misspelled words were not corrected. In the lists of common names, names are often run together, as in climbingmilkweed and rattlesnakefern; these were not changed.

The following was changed: “small-loaved” to “small-leaved.”

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COMMON NAMES OF A SELECTED LIST OF PLANTS ***

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Table of Contents

Common Names of a Selected List of Plants

CONTENTS

FOOTNOTES:

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

GRASSES

FOOTNOTES:

SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA

FERNS AND RELATED GENERA

OTHER MONOCOTS

FOOTNOTES:

LEGUMES (including woody species)

FOOTNOTES:

OTHER DICOT FORBS

FOOTNOTES:

WOODY PLANTS

FOOTNOTES:

LIST OF SPECIES NAMES IN COMMON USE AND THEIR ENGLISH MEANING

Transcriber’s Note:

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE