The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria

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Title: History of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria

Author: G. Maspero

Editor: David Widger

Translator: M. L. McClure

Release date: May 19, 2009 [eBook #28876]

Most recently updated: November 11, 2023

Language: English

Credits: Produced by David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF EGYPT, CHALDÆA, SYRIA, BABYLONIA, AND ASSYRIA ***

History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria

GASTON MASPERO

(1846-1916)

AN ON-LINE INDEX

Edited by David Widger

Project Gutenberg Editions

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CONTENTS

Click on the ## before each title to go directly to a

linked index of the detailed chapters and illustrations

##  Volume I.

##  Volume II.

##  Volume III.

##  Volume IV.

##  Volume V.

##  Volume VI.

##  Volume VII.

##  Volume VIII.

##  Volume IX.

##  Volume X.

##  Volume XI.

##  Volume XII.

##  Volume XIII.

VOLUMES, CHAPTERS AND STORIES

Volume I.

CONTENTS

EDITOR'S PREFACE

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

CHAPTER I.—THE NILE AND EGYPT

CHAPTER II.—THE GODS OF EGYPT

CHAPTER III.—-THE LEGENDARY HISTORY OF EGYPT

List of Illustrations

003.jpg Chapter One

006.jpg The Mouth of The Nile Previous to The Formation Of the Delta.

009.jpg A Line of Laden Camels Emerges from A Hollow

010.jpg

011.jpg Part of Gebel Shêkh HerÎdi

012.jpg The Hill of Kasr Es-sayyad

014.jpg Entrance to the First Cataract

015.jpg Entrance to Nubia

016.jpg League Beyond League, the Hills Stretch on

018.jpg The Entrance to The First Cataract

020.jpg Entrance to the Second Catakact

022.jpg An Attempt to Represent the Egyptian Universe

023.jpg Footnotes With Graphics

027.jpg South Africa and the Sources of The Nile

031.jpg During the Inundation

034.jpg Assiout

036.jpg Entrance of the MudÎriyeh Of AsyÛt

037.jpg Forest of Date Palms

040.jpg Acacias at the Entrance to a Garden Outside EkhmÎm

041.jpg She-ass and Her Foal

042.jpg The UrÆus of Egypt

044.jpg The Ibis of Egypt

045.jpg The Mormyrus Oxyrhynchus

046.jpg Ahaka

047.jpg Two Fishermen Carrying a Latus

048.jpg The Nile God

049.jpg The Shrine of The Nile at Biggeh

051.jpg Nile Gods from the Temple of Seti I. At Abydos

055.jpg Libyan Mountains

059.jpg The Noble Type of Egyptian

060.jpg Head of a Tileban Mummy

060b.jpg Wrappings from a Mummy (Oil painting)

062.jpg A Fellah Woman With the Features of an Ancient King

066.jpg Negro Prisoners Wearing the Panther's Skin As A Loin-cloth.

068.jpg Notable Wearing the Large Cloak; Priest Wearing Panther's Skin

070.jpg A Dignitary Wrapped in his Large Cloak

072.jpg Costume of Egyptian Woman, Spinning

073.jpg Man Wearing Wig and Necklaces

074.jpg The Boomerang and Fighting Bow

075.jpg Votive Axe

076.jpg King Holding the Baton

077.jpg Fishing in the Marshes

078.jpg Hunting in the Marshes: Encountering a Hippopotamus

079.jpg Hunting in the Desert: Bull, Lion, and Oryx

080.jpg Catching Animals With the Bola

082.jpg A Swineherd and his Pigs

084.jpg The Egyptian Lotus

086.jpg The Egyptian Hoe

087.jpg Ploughing

089.jpg An Egyptian SakiÂ (well) Procuring Water for Irrigation

091.jpg Boatmen Fighting on a Canal Communicating With The Nile

092.jpg A Great Egyptian Lord, Ti, and his Wife

094.jpg Nomes of Middle Egypt

096.jpg Nomes of Upper Egypt

099.jpg Nomes of Lower Egypt

105.jpg Page Image

106.jpg Page Image

107.jpg Page Image

108.jpg the Goddess NapkÎt, StapÎt

110.jpg Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert

113.jpb Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert

115.jpg NÛÎt the Starry One

116.jpg Goose-god Facing The Cat-goddess, The Lady Of Heaven

117.jpg the Cow HÂthor, The Lady Of Heaven

118.jpg Twelve Stages in The Life of The Sun and Its Twelve Forms

123.jpg Conception of the Principal Constellations of the Northern Sky

124.jpg Lunar Bark, Self-propelled, Under The Protection of the Two Eyes

125.jpg The Haunch, and The Female Hippopotamus

127.jpg Okion, Sothis, and Two Hokus-planets

128.jpg Sahu-orion.

129.jpg Orion and the Cow Sothis Separated by The Sparrow-hawk

131.jpg Amon-rÂ, As MÎnÛ of Coptos, Invested With His Emblems

133.jpg AnhÛri

134.jpg The Hawk-headed Hokus

136.jpg The Hoeus of HibonÛ, on The Back Of The Gazelle

138.jpg The Cat-headed Bast

139.jpg Two Images

141.jpg Nit of SaÏs

142.jpg ImhotpÛ

143.jpg NofirtÛmÛ

145.jpg Horus

147.jp The Black Shadow Coming out Into The Sunlight.

148.jpg August Souls of Osiris and Horus in Adoration

150.jpg The King After his Coronation

161.jpg Sacrificing to the Dead in The Tomb Chapel

164.jpg Phtah As a Mummy

167.jpg The Sacred Bull

169.jpg Open-air Offerings to the Serpent

171.jpg The Peasant's Offering to The Sycamore

173.jpg Sacrifice of The Bull.—Priest Lassoing the Victim

180.jpg Shu Uplifting the Sky

182.jpg ShÛ Forcibly Separating SibÛ and NÛÎt

183.jpg The DidÛ of Osiris

183b.jpg The DidÛ Dressed

185.jpg Osiris-onnophris, Whip and Crook in Hand

187.jpg Isis, Wearing the Cow-horn Head-dress

189.jpg Nephthys, As a Wailing Woman, and the God SÎt, Fighting

192.jpg Horus, the Avenger of his Father, and Anubis ÛapÔaÎtÛ

191.jpg The Sun Springing from an Opening Lotus-flower

194.jpg The Plain and Mounds of Heliopolis Fifty Years Ago

196.jpg HakmakhÛÎti-hakmakhis, the Great God

198.jpg Khopri, in his Bark

201.jpg The Twin Lions, ShÛ and TafnÛÎt

204.jpg The Four Funerary Genii, KhabsonÛf, TiÛmaÛtf, Hapi, and AmsÎt

208.jpg The Ibis Thot, and The Cynocephalous Thot

212.jpg The Hermopolitan Ogdoad

213.jpg Amon

215.jpg The Theban Ennead

218.jpg Tailpiece

219.jpg Page Image

220.jpg Page Image

221.jpg Page Image

224.jpg KhnÛmÛ Modelling Man Upon a Potter's Table.

230.jpg At the First Hour of The Day The Sun Embarks

236.jpg SokhÎt, the Lioness-headed.

242.jpg Cow, Sustained Above the Earth by ShÛ and The Support

244.jpg Three of the Divine Amulets Preserved

250.jpg the Osmian Triad Hokus. Osiris, Isis.

253.jpg Isis-hathor, Cow-headed.

256.jpg The Osirian Mummy Prepared

257.jpg The Reception Op The Mummy by Anubis

259.jpg Osikis in Hades, Accompanied by Isis, AmentÎt, And Nephthys

260.jpg The Deceased Climbing The Slope of The Mountain Of the West

261.jpg The Mummy of SÛtimosÛ Clasping his Soul Into His Arms.

262.jpg Cynocephali Drawing the Net in Which Souls Are Caught. 1

264.jpg Deceased and his Wife Seated in Front of The Sycamore of NÛÎt

266.jpg Deceased Piercing a Serpent With his Lance. 2

267.jpg Good Cow HÂthor Carrying The Dead Man and His Soul.

268.jpg Anubis and Thot Weighing the Heart of The Deceased

269.jpg The Deceased is Brought Before The Shrine Of Osiris the Judge

272B.jpg The Occupations of Ani in the Elysian Fields

275.jpg The Manes Tilling The Ground and Reaping in Fields

276.jpg UashbÎti.

277.jpg The Dead Man and his Wife Playing at Draughts In The Pavilion.

278.jpg The Dead Man Sailing in his Bark Along The Canals

279.jpg Boat of a Funerary Fleet on Its Way to Abydos.

280.jpg The Solar Bark Into Which The Dead Man is About To Enter.

282.jpg The Solar Bark Passing Into The Mountain of The West.

284.jpg The Soul Descending The Sepulchral Shaft

285.jpg The Soul on The Edge of The Funeral Couch

287.jpg The Soul Going Forth Into Its Garden by Day

289.jpg An Incident in the Wars of Haratheus and Sit

293.jpg One of the Astronomical Tables Of The Tomb Of Ramses IV.

304.jpg The Gods Fighting Foe The Magician Who Has Invoked Them.

306.jpg The Child Horus on The Crocodiles.

310.jpg A Dead Man Receiving the Breath of Life.

315.jpg Th0t Records the Years of The Life Of Ramses.

316.jpg Page Image

317.jpg Page Image

318.jpg Page Image

319.jpg Page Image

325.jpg Table of the Kings

332.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abydos, Made by Mariette In 1865 and 1875.

343.jpg Necklace, Bearing Name of Menes.

350.jpg SatÎt Presents the Pharaoh AmenÔthes III. To KhnÔmÛ.

351.jpg AnÛkit

353.jpg The Step Pyramid of Sauara.

356. Jpg One of the Chambers Of The Step-pyramid

357.jpg Tailpiece

Volume II.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF EGYPT

CHAPTER II—THE MEMPHITE EMPIRE

CHAPTER III—THE FIRST THEBAN EMPIRE

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

003.jpg Page Image

004.jpg the Mastaba of Khomtini in The Necropolis Of GÎzeh

006.jpg the Great Sphinx of GÎzeh Partially Uncovered, And the Pyramid of Khephren

008.jpg TetiniÔnkhÛ, Sitting Before the Funeral Repast

009.jpg the Façade and The Stele of The Tomb Of Phtahshopsisu at Saqqara

010.jpg Stele in the Form of a Door

014.jpg a Representation of the Domains Of The Lord Ti, Bringing to Him Offerings in Procession

015.jpg the Representation of The Lord Ti Assisting At The Preliminaries of the Sacrifice and Offerings

021.jpg the Birth of a King and his Double

023.jpg Page Image

024.jpg the Adult King Advancing, Followed by his Double

026.jpg Page Image

027.jpg Page Image

028.jpg the Goddess Adopts The King by Suckling Him

029.jpg the Cucupha-headed Sceptre.

030.jpg Different Postures for Approaching the King

037.jpg Pharaoh in his Harem

039.jpg Pharaoh Gives Solemn Audience to One of His Ministers

042.jpg The Queen Shakes the Sistrum While The King Offers The Sacrifice

042b.jpg the Island and Temple of Phil.

051.jpg Men and Women Singers, Flute-players, Harpists, And Dancers, from the Tomb of Ti

052.jpg the Dwarf Khnumhotpu, Superintendent of The Royal Linen

059.jpg the Packing of The Linen and Its Removal to The White Storehouse.

061.jpg Measuring the Wheat and Depositing It in The Granaries

063.jpg Plan of a Princely Storehouse for Provisions

065.jpg the Staff of a Government Officer in The Time Of The Memphite Dynasties

067.jpg The Crier Announces the Arrival of Five Registrars Of The Temple of King ÛsirnirÎ, Of the Vth Dynasty

068.jpg the Funeral Stele of The Tomb Of Amten, The "grand Huntsman."

072.jpg Statue of Amten, Found in his Tomb

075.jpg Plan of the Villa Of a Great Egyptian Noble

077.jpg Hunting With the Boomerang and Fishing With The Double Harpoon in a Marsh Or Pool

078.jpg Prince Api, Borne in a Palanquin, Inspects His Funerary Domain

079.jpg a Dwarf Playing With Cynocephali and A Tame Ibis

080.jpg in a Nile Boat

092.jpg Some of the Military Athletic Exercises

095.jpg War-dance Performed by Egyptian Soldiers Before A Battle

098.jpg Two Blacksmiths Working the Bellows

099.jpg Stone-cutters Finishing the Dressing of Limestone Blocks

101.jpg a Workshop of Shoemakers Manufacturing Sandals

101.jpg the Baker Making his Bread and Placing It in The Oven

103.jpg the House of a Great Egyptian Lord

104.jpg Plan of a Part Of the Ancient Town Of Kahun

105.jpg Stele of SÎtÛ, Representing the Front Of a House

106.jpg a Street in the Higher Quarter of Modern SiÛt

107.jpg a Hall With Columns in One of the Xiith Dynasty Houses at Gurob

108a.jpg Wooden Head-rest

108b.jpg Pigeon on Wheels

109.jpg Apparatus for Striking a Light

110.jpg Mitral Paintings in the Ruins of an Ancient House At Kahun

111.jpg Woman Grinding Grain

114.jpg Two Women Weaving Linen at a Horizantal Loom

118.jpg One of the Forms Of Egyptian Scales

118b.jpg Scenes in a Bazaar

123.jpg Part of the Modern Village Of Karnak, to The West Of the Temple of ApÎt

125.jpg a Boundary Stele

128.jpg the Levying of The Tax: The Taxpayer in The Scribe's Office

130.jpg Levying the Tax: The Taxpayer in The Hands of The Exactors

131.jpg Levying the Tax: The Bastinado

132.jpg Collosal Statue of a King

136.jpg Colored Sculptures in the Palace

142a.jpg Two FellahÎn Work the Shadouf in a Garden

142b.jpg Cutting and Carrying the Harvest

147.jpg a Flock of Goats and the Song Of A Goatherd

148.jpg Tailpiece

149.jpg Page Image

150.jpg Page Image

151.jpg Page Image

154.jpg Map Sinaitic Peninsular, Time of Memphite Empire

156.jpg A Barbarian MonÎti from Sinai

157.jpg Two Refuge Towers of the HirÛ-shÂÎtÛ, in The Wady BÎar

159.jpg View of the Oasis Of Wady FeÎkÂn in The Peninsula Of Sinai

163.jpg the Mining Works of Wady Maghara

164.jpg the High Castle of The Miners—haÎt-qaÎt—at The Confluence of Wady Genneh and Wady Maghara

167.jpg the Pyramid of MêdÛm

171.jpg the Court and The Two StelÆ of The Chapel Adjoining the Pyramid of MêdÛm

173.jpg NofkÎt, Lady of MêdÛm

176.jpg the Triumphal Bas-reliefs of Kheops on The Rocks Of Wady Maghara

176b.jpg Profile of Head Of a Mummy, (a Man) Thebes

177.jpg Pyramids of Gizeh

179.jpg KhÛÎt, the Great Pyramid of GÎzeh, The Sphinx, And the Temple of The Sphinx

181a.jpg the Movable Flagstone at The Entrance to The Great Pyramid

181b.jpg the Interior of The Great Pyramid

183.jpg the Ascending Passage of The Great Pyramid

187.jpg the Name of Kheops Drawn in Red on Several Blocks Of the Great Pyramid

188.jpg Alabaster Statue of Khephren

188b.jpg the Pyramid of Khephren

192.jpg Diorite Statue of MenraÛrÏ

194.jpg the Coffin of Mykerinos

196.jpg the Granite Sarcophagus of Mykerinos

198.jpg Diorite Statue of Khephren, GÎzeu Museum

208.jpg Map Oleander Lower

211.jpg Table of the IVth Dynasty

215.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Vth Dynasty

210.jpg Statue in Rose-coloured Granite of the Pharaoh AnÛ, in the GÎzeh Museum

217.jpg Triumphal Bas-relief of Pharaoh SahÛrÛ, on The Rocks of Wady Magharah.

219.jpg Passenger Vessel Under Sail

223.jpg Map of Nubia in the Time Of The Memphite Empire

225.jpg Head of an Inhabitant Of PÛanÎt

234a.jpg Avenue of Sphinxes—karnak

236.jpg One of the Wooden Panels Of Hosi, in The GÎzeh Museum

237.jpg a Sculptor's Studio, and Egyptian Painters At Work

238.jpg Cellarer Coating a Jar With Pitch

239.jpg Baker Kneading his Dough

241.jpg the Sheikh-el Beled in The Gizeh Museum

242.jpg the Kneeling Scribe in The Gizeh Museum

246.jpg Peasant Going to Market

247.jpg Kofir, the Director of Granaries

249.jpg Bas-relief in Ivory

252.jpg Stele of the Daughter Of Kheops

253.jpg the Pharaoh MenkauhorÛ

255.jpg the Mastabat-el-faraun, Looking Towards The West Façade

265.jpg the Island of Elephantine

266.jpg the Island of Elephantine Seen from The Ruins Of Syenne

267.jpg the First Cataract

269.jpg Small Wady, Five Hours Beyond Ed-doueÎg, on The Road to the Red Sea

270.jpg the Rocks of The Island Of Sehêl, With Some Of The Votive Inscriptions

275.jpg the Mountain of Aswan and The Tombs Of The Princes of Elephantine

278.jpg HirkhÛf Receiving Posthumous Homage at the Door Of his Tomb from His Son

282.jpg Head of the Mummy Of Metesouphis I

283.jpg Plan of the Pyramid Of Unas

284.jpg the Sepulchral Chamber in The Pyramid of Unas, And his Sarcophaous

286.jpg the Entrance to The Pyramid of Unas at SaqqÀra

289.jpg Table of the Dates Of The Kings Vith Dynasty

293.jpg Page Image

294.jpg Page Image

295.jpg Page Image

297.jpg Map, the Fayum

298.jpg Flat-bottomed Vessel of Bronze Open-work Bearing The Cartouches of Pharaoh KhÎti I

300.jpg Part of the Walls Of El-kab on The Northern Side

302.jpg the Second Fortress of Abydos—the ShÛnet-ez-zebÎb—as Seen from the East

304.jpg Attack Upon an Egyptian Fortress by Troops Of Various Arms

306.jpg Denderah—temple of Tentyra

306-text.jpg—temple of Tentyra

309.jpg Map, Plain of Thebes

310.jpg Map, the Principality of SiÛt

311.jpg the Heavy Infantry of The Princes Of SiÛt, Armed With Lance and Buckler

313.jpg Palette Inscribed With the Name of MirikarÎ

314.jpg the Brick Pyramid of AntÛfÂa, at Thebes

318.jpg the Pharaoh Monthotpu Receiving The Homage of His Successor—antue—in the Shat Er-rigeleh.

325.jpg an Asiatic Chief is Presented to KhnÛmhotpÛ By Nofirhoptu, and by Khiti, the Superintendent of The Huntsmen

326.jpg Some of the Band Of Asiatics, With Their Beasts, Brought from KhnÛmhotpÛ

327.jpg the Women Passing by in Procession, In Charge Of A Warrior and of a Man Playing Upon the Lyre

334.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Sarbut El Khadim

335.jpg the Ruins of The Temple Of Hathor

338.jpg Map

344.jpg One of The Façades Of the Fortress Of Kubban

345.jpg the Second Cataract Between Hamkeh and Wady Halfa

346.jpg the Second Cataract at Low Nile

349.jpg the Triumphal Stele of Usirtasen I.

351.jpg the Rapids of The Nile at Semneh, and The Two Fortresses Built by Usirtasen Iii

353.jpg the Channel of The Nile Between The Two Fortresses of Semneh and Kummeh

355.jpg KÛshite Prisoners Brought to Egypt

362.jpg the Routes Leading from The Nile to The Red Sea, Between Koptos and Kosseir.

372.jpg the Statue of Nofrit

376.jpg One of the Tanis Sphinxes in The GÎzeh Museum

381.jpg the Obelisk of Ûsirtasen I., Still Standing In The Plain of Heliopolis

384.jpg Usirtasen I. Of Abydos

385.jpg a Part of the Ancient Sacred Lake Of Osiris Near The Temple of Abydos

386.jpg the Site of The Ancient Heracleopolis

387.jpg SobkÛ, the God of The FayÛm, Under The Form Of A Sacred Crocodile

388.jpg the Remains of The Obelisk Of Begig

389.jpg the Ruined Pedestal of One Of The Colossi Of BiahmÛ

390.jpg a View in the FayÛm In The Neighbourhood of The Village of FidemÎn

391.jpg the Court of The Small Temple

392.jpg the Shores of The Birket-kerun Near The Embouchure of the Wady Nazleh

393.jpg the Two Pyramids of The Xiith Dynasty at Lisht

394.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb

395.jpg Pectoral Ornament of Usirtasen Iii

396.jpg the Pyramid of Illahun, at The Entrance Of The Fa.Ûm

399.jpg the Mountain of Silt With The Tombs Of The Princes

401.jpg Map of Principality Of the Gazelle

405.jpg the Modern Cemetery of Zawyet El-meiyetÎn

408.jpg the Tombs of Princes Of The Gazelle-nome At Beni-hasan

410.jpg the Colossal Statue of King Sovkhotpu in The Louvre

414.jpg Statue of HarsÛf in the Vienna Museum

415.jpg Statue of SovkhotpÛ Iii.

417.jpg One of the Overturned and Broken Statues Of MirmasiiaÛ at Tanis

Volume III.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—ANCIENT CHALDÆA

CHAPTER II—THE TEMPLES AND THE GODS OF CHALDÆA

CHAPTER III—CHALDÆAN CIVILIZATION

APPENDIX—THE PHARAOHS OF THE ANCIENT AND MIDDLE EMPIRES

List of Illustrations

Frontispiece.jpg El Hammam (the Bath)

006.jpg One of the Eagle-headed Genii.

009.jpg Bel-merodach, Armed With the Thunderbolt, Does Battle With the Tumultuous Tiamat.

011.jpg a Kufa Laden With Stones, and Manned by A Crew Of Four Men.

012.jpg the World As Conceived by The ChaldÆans

017.jpg a God-fish

025.jpg Gigantic ChaldÆan Reeds

027.jpg the Marshes About The Confluence of The Kerkha And Tigris.

030.jpg the Gathering of The Spathes Of The Male Palm Tree

032.jpg a Winged Genius Holding in his Hand the Spathe Of The Male Date-palm.

033.jpg the Heavily Maned Lion Wounded by an Arrow And Vomiting Blood.

034.jpg the Urus in Act of Charging

035.jpg a Herd of Onagers Pursued by Dogs and Wounded By Arrows.

036.jpg the Chief Domestic Animals Op The Regions of The Euphrates.

037.jpg the Sow and Her Litter Making Their Way Through A Bed of Reeds.

040.jpg Map of ChaldÆa

042.jpg Two Fish-like Deities of the ChaldÆans.

045.jpg Page With One of the Tablets Of The Deluge Series.

048.jpg Shamashnapishtim Shut Into the Ark.

051.jpg the JudÎ Mountains Sometimes Identified With Tub Ntsib Mountains.

057.jpg Gilgames Strangles a Lion.

060.jpg Gilgames Fights, on the Left With a Bull, On The Right With Eabani.

068.jpg Gilgames and Eabani Fighting With Monsters.

071.jpg the Scorpion-men of The Mountains Of MÂshu.

073.jpg Gilgames and Arad-ea Navigating Their Vessel.

082.jpg Gilgames Struggles With a Lion

084.jpg Chronologic Table

085.jpg Table

086.jpg Table

087.jpg Table

96.jpg the Seal of Shargani-shar-ali: Gilgames Waters The Celestial Ox.

096a.jpg Painting in Color of Charioteer

097.jpg Page Image

098.jpg Page Image: the Arms Op The City and Kings Of Lagash

099.jpg Fragment of Bas-relief by UrninÂ, King Of Lagash.

101.jpg Idingiranagin Holding the Totem of Lagash.

102.jpg Idingiranagin in his Chariot Leading His Troops.

103.jpg Page Image. Vultures Feeding Upon the Dead.

104.jpg Piling up the Mound of The Dead After The Battle.

105.jpg King Urnina and his Family.

108.jpg the Sacrifice

109.jpg Sitting Statue of Gudea

111.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Mughîer

112.jpg Statues from Telloh. And Head of One Of The Statue of Gudea.

114.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abu-shahreyn

115.jpg an Arab Crossing the Tigris in a "kufa."

117.jpg an Assyrian Kelek Laden With Building-stone.

001.jpg El Hammam (the Bath)

124.jpg Chapter II

126.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Wakka

128.jpg a ChaldÆan Stamped Brick.

134.jpg the Temple of Nannar at Uru, Approximately Restored.

135.jpg the Temple of Uru in Its Present State, According To Taylor

136.jpg Further View of the Temple Of Uru

137.jpg Lion-headed Genius.

138.jpg the South-west Wind

141.jpg Sin Delivered by Merodach from the Assault of The Seven Evil Spirits.

142.jpg Struggle Between a Good and an Evil Genius.

145.jpg the God Ningibsu, Patron of Lagash.

152.jpg the Adoration of The Mace and The Whip.

153.jpg a Protecting Amulet.

169.jpg the God Sun Receives The Homage of Two Worshippers.

170.jpg Shamash Sets Out, in the Morning, from The Interior of the Heaven by The Eastern Gate.

171.jpg Shamash in his Shrine, His Emblem Before Him On The Altar.

173.jpg Ishtar Holding Her Star Before Sin.

177.jpg the Birds of The Tempest

178.jpg Ramman Armed With an Axe.

179.jpg Ramman, the God of Tempests and Thunder.

186.jpg Shamash Fights With zu and the Storm Birds.

186a.jpg the Plenisphere Taken from The Temple Of Tentyra

186b.jpg Text of the Plenisphere

190.jpg Ishtar As a Warrior-goddess

191.jpg Nebo

203.jpg a Votary Led to the God To Receive The Reward Of The Sacrifice

204.jpg the Sacrifice: a Goat Presented to Ishtar.

205.jpg the God Shamash Seizes With his Left Hand The Smoke of the Sacrifice.

208.jpg Decorated Wrappings from a Mummy (color)

209.jpg Chald.an Coffin in the Form of a Jar

209a.jpg a Vaulted Tomb in Uru

210.jpg ChaldÆan Tomb With Domed Roof.

111.jpg Chaldean Tomb With Flat Roof.

213.jpg the Interior of The Tomb

220.jpg the Goddess Allat Passes Through The Nether Regions in Her Bark.

221.jpg Nergal, the God of Hades; Back View.

226.jpg Ishtar Despoiled of Her Garments in Hades

229.jpg Dumuzi Rejuvenated on the Knees of Ishtar.

233.jpg Etana Carried to Heaven by an Eagle.

230.jpg Endplate

239.jpg Chapter III.

244.jpg the King Urnina Bearing The "kufa."

248.jpg the Plan of a Palace Built by Gudea.

249.jpg Terra-cotta Barrel-right

250.jpg Plan of the Existing Buildings Of Telloh.

251.jpg Decoration of Coloured Cones on the Façade at Uruk

252.jpg Pilasters of the Facade Of Gudea's Palace

255.jpg Stone Socket of One Of the Doors in The Palace Of Gudea.( Right)

258.jpg Stand of Black Stone from the Palace Of Telloh.

262.jpg Female Servant Bare to the Waist.(left)

262.jpg Costume of a ChaldÆn Lady (right)

266.jpg a Soldier Bringing Prisoners and Spoil.

268.jpg Manuscript on Papyrus in Heiroglyphics

271.jpg Page Image

272.jpg Page Image

274.jpg Page Image

276.jpg Tables

279.jpg the Tablet of Tell-sifr, Broken to Show The Two Texts.

280.jpg Tablet Bearing the Impress of a Seal

294.jpg an Egyptian Slave Merchant

208a.jpg Chaldean Houses at Uru.

208b Plans of Houses Excavated at Eridu and Ubu.

300.jpg ChaldÆan Household Utensils in Terra-cotta

311a.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Implements.

311b.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Hammer Bearing an Inscription.

312.jpg ChaldÆn Implements of Bronze

313.jpg Vase of Silver. And Bull Of Copper.

315.jpg ChaldÆan Cylinder Exhibiting Traces of The Different Tools Used by the Engraver

318.jpg Egyptian Manuscript

318-text.jpg Egyptian Manuscript

322.jpg the Michaux Stone (left)

323.jpg the Other Side of The Michaux Stone (right)

324.jpg Two Rows of Shadufs on the Bank Of a River.

325.jpg ChaldÆan Farming Operations.

327.jpg the Farm Oxen

329a.jpg Cooking: a Quarrel.

329b.jpg Scenes of Pastoral Life in ChaldÆa.

330.jpg Fight With a Lion

331.jpg the Dog in Tub Leash

332.jpg ChaldÆan Carrying a Fish. (left)

333.jpg the Onager Taken With The Lasso.

337.jpg Page Image

340.jpg ChaldÆan Map of the World.

341.jpg Astronomical Table

352.jpg a ChaldÆan Amulet.

354.jpg Magic Nail of Terra Cotta

355.jpg Egyptian Cornice Bearing the Cartouches of Ramses I.

357.jpg Lists of the Pharaohs Of The Ancient Empire

358.jpg Lists on the Monuments

359.jpg Lists on the Monuments

360.jpg Lists on the Monuments

361.jpg Lists on the Monuments

362.jpg Tailpiece

Volume IV.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE FIRST CHALDÆAN EMPIRE AND THE HYKSÔS IN EGYPT

CHAPTER II—SYRIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EGYPTIAN CONQUEST

CHAPTER III—THE EIGHTEENTH THEBAN DYNASTY

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

014.jpg the Most Northern Source of The Jordan, The Naiir-el-hasbany

015.jpg Lake of Genesarath

017.jpg One of the Reaches Of The Jordan

018.jpg the Dead Sea and The Mountains of Moab, Seen Fkom The Heights of Engedi

023.jpg Asiatic Women from the Tomb of KhnÛmhotpÛ

024.jpg Two Asiatics Fkom the Tomb of KhnÛmhoptÛ.

029.jpg the Ruins of Babylon

030.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Babylon

032.jpg the Kask Seen from The South

033.jpg the Tell of Borsippa, The Present Birs-nimrud

036.jpg the Banks of The Euphrates at Zuleibeh

039.jpg Table

045.jpg Map of ChaldÆa and Elam.

046.jpg an Ancient Susian of Negretic Race

047.jpg Native of Mixed Negritic Race from Susiana

048.jpg the Tumulus of Susa, As It Appeared Towards The Middle of the Xixth Century

050.jpg Page Image

057.jpg Head of a Sceptre in Copper, Bearing the Name Of Kham-murabi

059.jpg Page Image

079.jpg Pallate of HyksÔs Scribe

080.jpg a HyksÔs Prisoner Guiding the Plough, at El-kab

082.jpg Table of Offerings Bearing the Name Of ApÔti ÂqnÛnrÎ

083.jpg Page Image

084.jpg Broken Statue of Khiani

093.jpg the Traditional Oak of Abraham at Hebron

106.jpg Pallate of Tiû.a

109.jpg NofrÎtari, from Tue Wooden Statuette in the Turin Museum

110.jpg the Head of Saqnuri

113.jpg the Small Gold Votive Barque of Pharaoh KamosÛ, In the GÎzeh Museum.

114.jpg Page Image

116.jpg the Walls of El-kab Seen from The Tomb Of Pihiri

116a.jpg Collection of Vases Modelled and Painted in The Grand Temple. Philae Island.

119.jpg the Ruins of The Pyramid Of QÛlah, Near Mohammerieh

122.jpg the Tombs of The Princes Of NekhabÎt, in The Hillside Above El-kab

130.jpg Painting in Tomb of the Kings Thebes

132.jpg a Convoy of TÛrah Quarrymen Drawing Stone

135.jpg Coffin of Ahmosis in the GÎzeh Museum

136.jpg Nofritari, Hie Black-skinned Goddess

137.jpg the Jewels and Weapons of Queen ÂhhhotpÛ I. In The GÎzeh Museum

141.jpg the Two Coffins of Ahhotp Ii. And Nofritari Standing in Tub Vestibule of the Old BÛlak Museum.

144.jpg Statue of AmenÔthes I. In the Turin Museum

146.jpg Page Image

147.jpg the Coffin and Mummy of Amenothes

150.jpg ThÛtmosis I., from a Statue in the GÎzeh Museum

153.jpg Table

155.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments

158.jpg Page Image

Table

177.jpg the Fortress and Bridge of Zalu

180.jpg Map

184.jpg the Canaanite Fortresses

185.jpg the Walled City of DapÛr, in Galilee

187.jpg the Migdol of Ramses Iii. At Thebes, in The Temple of Medinet-abul

189.jpg the Modern Village of BeÎtÎn (ancient Bethel), Seen from the South-west.

191.jpg Page Image

192.jpg Amphitheatre of Hills

196.jpg the Evergreen Oaks Between Joppa and Carmel

197.jpg Acre and the Fringe of Reefs Sheltering The Ancient Port

199.jpg Map

201.jpg the Town of Qodshu

202.jpg the Tyrian Ladder at Ras El-abiad

206.jpg the Dyke at Baiik El-kades in Its Present Condition

208.jpg Map

211.jpg Site of Carchemish

212.jpg the Tell of Jerabis in Its Present Condition

213.jpg a Northern Syrian

215.jpg the Heads of Three Amorite Captives

216.jpg Mixture of Syrian Races

218.jpg a Caricature of the Syrian Type

219.jpg

220.jpg Syrians Dressed in the Loin-cloth and Double Shawl

222a.jpg

223.jpg Page Image

226.jpg LotanÛ Women and Children from the Tomb Of RakhmieÎ

229.jpg Astarte As a Sphinx

231.jpg Page Image

235.jpg Transjordanian Dolmen

238.jpg a Cromlech in the Neighbourhood of Hesban, In The Country of Moab

240.jpg a Corner of the Phoenician Neckropolis at Adlun

241.jpg Valley of the Tomb Of The Kings

241-text.jpg

246.jpg

248.jpg

249.jpg Page Image

252.jpg

253.jpg

256.jpg Valley of the Adonis

256a.jpg the Amphitheatre of Aphaka and The Source Of The Nahh-ibrahim

267.jpg the Ambrosian Rocks

268.jpg

269.jpg Tyre and Its Suburbs on the Mainland

273.jpg the Sculptured Rocks of Hanaweh

282.jpg One of the KafÎti from The Tomb Of RakhmirÎ

286.jpg Page Image

288.jpg an Egyptian Trading Vessel of the First Half Of The Xviiith Dynasty

294.jpg Map of Cyprus

297.jpg the Murex Trunculus

298.jpg Dagger of Âhmosis

299.jpg One of the Daggers Discovered at MycenÆ, Showing An Imitation of Egyptian Decoration

302.jpg Tailpiece

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

303.jpg Page Image

305.jpg Page Image

311.jpg a Platoon (troop) of Egyptian Spearmen at DeÎr El-baharÎ

313.jpg a Platoon of Egyptian Archers at DeÎr El-baharÎ

314.jpg the Egyptian Chariot Preserved in The Florence Museum

315.jpg the King Charging on his Chariot

318.jpg an Egyptian Learning to Ride, from a Bas-relief In the Bologna Museum

319.jpg the War-dance of The Timihu at DeÎr El-baharÎ

321.jpg a Column of Troops on the March, Chariots And Infantry

322.jpg an Egyptian Fortified Camp, Forced by the Enemy

322b.jpg Two Companies on the March

325.jpg Scenes from Military Life in an Egyptian Camp

327.jpg Encounter Between Egyptian and Asiatic Chariots

328.jpg Ramses II.

330.jpg Counting of the Hands

336.jpg a City of Modern Nubia—the Ancient Dongola

338.jpg Arrival of an Ethiopian Queen Bringing Tribute To The Viceroy of KÛsii

339.jpg Typical Galla Woman

341.jpg Gold Epergne Representing Scenes from Ethiopian Life

344.jpg Portrait of the Queen Âhmasi

345.jpg Queen MÛtnofrÎt in the GÎzeh Museum

346.jpg Queen HÂtshopsÎtÛ in Male Costume

347.jpg Bust of Queen HÂtshopsÎtÛ

348.jpg Painting on the Tomb of The Kings

350.jpg the Amphitheatre at DeÎr El-baharÎ, As It Appeared Bepoee Naville's Excavations

351.jpg the Northern Collonade

353.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis I.

354.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis Ii.

356.jpg the Coffin of Thûtmosis I.

356b Avenue of Rams and Pylon at Karnak

356b-text

357.jpg the Statue of SanmÛt

358.jpg Page Image

361.jpg an Inhabitant of the Land Of PÛanÎt

363.jpg a Village on the Bank of The River, With Ladders Of Incense

365.jpg Prince ParihÛ and the Princess of PuanÎt

366.jpg the Embarkation of The Incense Sycomores On Board the Egyptian Fleet

369.jpg Some of the Incense Trees Brought from PÛanÎt To DeÎr El-baiiakÎ

372.jpg Thutmosis Iii., from his Statue in the Turin Museum

378.jpg an Egyptian Encampment Before a Besieged Town

380.jpg Some of the Plants and Animals Brought Back From PuanÎt

381.jpg Part of the Triumphal Lists Of Thutmosis Iii.

384.jpg Some of the Objects Carried in Tribute to The Syrians

Volume V.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE EIGHTEENTH THEBAN DYNASTY—(continued)

CHAPTER II—THE REACTION AGAINST EGYPT

CHAPTER III—THE CLOSE OF THE THEBAN EMPIRE

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

006.jpg a Procession of Negroes

015.jpg a Syrian Town and Its Outskirts After an Egyptian Army Had Passed Through It

030.jpg the LotanÛ and The Goldsmiths'work Constituting Their Tribute

032b.jpg Painted Tablets in the Hall of Harps

034.jpg. The Bear and Elephant Brought As Tribute in The Tomb of Rakhmiri

040.jpg the Mummy of Thutmosis Iii.

041.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis Iii.

044.jpg AmenÔthes Ii., from the Statue at Turin

046.jpg the Great Sphinx and The Chapel of Thutmosis Iv.

047.jpg the Simoom. Sphinx and Pyramids at Gizeh

050.jpg the Stele of The Sphinx Of Gizer

052.jpg Queen MutemÛau.

052b.jpg Amenothes Iii. Colossal Head in the British Museum

052b-text.jpg

053.jpg Amenothes Iii. From the Tomb of Khamhait

056.jpg Scarab of the Hunt

058.jpg a Gang of Syrian Prisoners Making Brick for The Temple of Amon

059.jpg One of the Rams Of AmenÔthes Iii

062.jpg One of the Lions Of Gebel-barkal

065.jpg the Temple at Elephantine, As It Was in 1799

066.jpg the Great Court of The Temple Of Luxor During The Inundation

067.jpg Part of the Avenue Of Rams, Between The Temples Of Amon and MaÛt

069.jpg the Pylons of ThÛtmosis Iii. And HarmhabÎ At Kaknak

070.jpg Sacred Lake Akd the Southern Part of The Temple Of Karnak.

073.jpg the Two Colossi of Memnon in The Plain Of Thebes

076.jpg a Party of Tourists at the Foot Of The Vocal Statue of Memnok

079.jpg Marriage ScarabÆus

084.jpg Map

087.jpg the Decorated Pavement of The Palace

095.jpg the Mask of KihÛniatonÛ

096.jpg AmenÔthes Iv., from the Statuette in The Louvre.

097.jpg Page Image

098.jpg KhÛniatonÛ and his Wife Rewarding One of The Great Officers of the Court

100.jpg the Door of a Tomb at Tel El-amarna

103.jpg Interior of a Tomb at Tel El-amarna

104.jpg Profile of Head Of Mummy (thebes Tombs.)

106.jpg Two of the Daughters Of KhÛhi AtonÛ

111.jpg Sarcophagus of the Pharaoh AÎ

114.jpg Tailpiece

117.jpg Page Image

123.jpg the First Pylon of HarmhabÎ at Karnak

127.jpg Amenothes IV. From a Fragment Used Again By Harmhabi

128.jpg Harmhabi

129.jpg the Vaulted Passage of The Rock-tomb at Gebel Silsileh

131.jpg the Triumph Of HarmhabÎ in The Sanctuary of Gebel Silsileh

135.jpg Three Heads of Hittite Soldiers

138.jpg a Hittite King.

140.jpg a Hittite Chariot With Its Three Occupants

146.jpg Map

160.jpg Ramses I.

163.jpg the Return of The North Wall Of The Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, Where Seti I. Represents Some Episodes in his First Campaign

166.jpg Representation of Seti I. Vanquishing the Libyans And Asiatics on the Walls, Karnak

168.jpg a Fortified Station on the Route Between The Nile And the Red Sea.

169.jpg the Temple of Seti I. At Redesieh

170.jpg Fragment of the Map Of The Gold-mines

171.jpg the Three Standing Columns of The Temple Of Sesebi

173 an Avenue of One Of the Aisles Of The Hypostyle Hall At Karnak

174.jpg the Gratings of The Central Colonnade in The Hypostyle Hall at Karnak

176.jpg One of the Colonnades Of The Hypostyle Hall In The Temple of Seti I. At Abydos

176b.jpg the Facade of The Temple Of Seti

181.jpg the Temple of Qurnah

184.jpg One of the Pillars Of The Tomb Of Seti I.

187.jpg Ramses II. Puts the Negroes to Flight

193.jpg the Shardana Guard of Ramses II.

195.jpg Two Hittite Spies Beaten by the Egyptian Soldiers

196.jpg the Egyptian Camp and The Council of War on The Morning of the Battle Of QodshÛ

198.jpg the Garrison of QodshÛ Issuing Forth to Help The Prince of KhÂti.

214.jpg KhÂtusaru, Prince of KhÂti, and his Daughter

218.jpg Phoenician Boats Landing at Thebes

221.jpg the Projecting Columns of The Speos Of Gerf-hosseÎn

221.jpg the Caryatides of Gerf-hosseÎn

224.jpg the Two Colossi of Abu Simbel to The South Of The Doorway

225.jpg the Interior of The Speos Of Abu Simbel

228.jpg the Face of The Rock at Abu Simgel

229.jpg Ramses Ii. Pierces a Libyan Chief With his Lance

230.jpg Ramses Ii. Strikes a Group of Prisoners

231.jpg the Façade of The Little Speos Of Hauthor at Abu Simbel

232.jpg Columns of Temple at Luxor

233.jpg the Chapel of Thutmosis III. And One Of The Pylons of Ramses Ii. At Luxor

235.jpg the Colonnade of Seti I. And The Three Colossal Statues of Ramses II. At Luxor

236.jpg Paintings of Chairs

237.jpg the Remains of The Colossal Statue Of Ramses Ii. At the Ramesseum

238.jpg the Ramesseum

240.jpg the Ruins of The Memnonium Of Ramses Ii. At Abydos

242.jpg the Colossal Statue of Ramses II. At Mitrahineh

245.jpg the Chapel of The Apis Of AmekÔthes III.

246.jpg Statue of Khamoisit

247.jpg Stele of the Nahr El-kelb

248.jpg the Bas-belief of Ninfi

249.jpg the Coffin and Mummy of Ramses II

253.jpg a Libyan

260.jpg Statue of MÎnephtah

263.jpg the Chapels of Ramses II. And Minephtah At Sisileh

264.jpg Statue of Seti II.

265.jpg Seti II.

268.jpg Amenmesis

281.jpg Table

287.jpg Page Image

289.jpg NakhtÛsÎt.

299.jpg One of the Libyan Chiefs Vanquished by Ramses Iii.

300.jpg the Waggons of The Pulasati and Their Confederates

301.jpg Pulasati

304.jpg a Sihagalasha Chief

307.jpg the Army Op Ramses III. On The March, and The Lion-hunt

308.jpg the Defeat of The Peoples Of The Sea

313.jpg the Captive Chiefs of Ramses Iii. At Medinet-ihabu

314.jpg Ramses III. Binds the Chiefs of The Libyans

318.jpg the Prince of The Khati

320.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments

321.jpg the Colossal Osirian Figures in The First Court At Medinet-habu

322.jpg the First Pylon of The Temple

327.jpg the Mummy of Ramses III.

331.jpg a Ramses of the Xxth Dynasty

334.jpg Map: Thebes in the Xxth Dynasty

345.jpg Pectoral of Ramses II.

347.jpg the Ram-headed Sparrow-hawk in The Louvre

348.jpg Decorated Armchair

349.jpg Egyptian Wig

350.jpg Page Image With Furniture

357.jpg the Cat and The Jackal Go off to The Fields With Their Flocks Drawn by Faucher-gudin, from Lepsius.

358.jpg the Cat Before Its Judge

359.jpg a Concert of Animals Devoted to Music

Volume VI.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE CLOSE OF THE THEBAN EMPIRE—(continued)

CHAPTER II—THE RISE OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE

CHAPTER III—THE HEBREWS AND THE PHILISTINES—DAMASCUS

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

001.jpg Page Image

003.jpg Page Image

004.jpg the Theban Cemeteries

005.jpg the Necropolis of SheÎkh and El-qurneh

007.jpg Head of a Theban Mummy

008.jpg the Manufacture and Painting of The Cartonnage

009.jpg Wrapping of the Mummy, Under The Direction Of The "Man of the Roll"

012.jpg the Funeral of Harmhabi

013.jpg the Funeral of HabmhabÎ

014.jpg the Boat Carrying The Mummy

015.jpg the Boats Containing The Female Weepers and The People of the Household

016.jpg the Boats Containing The Friends and The Funerary Furniture

017.jpg a Corner of the Theban Necropolis

018.jpg Painting in the Fifth Tomb of The Kings to The Right

019.jpg the Farewell to The Mummy, and The Double Received by the Goddess

021.jpg Niche in the Tomb of Menna

023a.jpg Coffin-lid

023b.jpg Coffin-lid

024.jpg the Mummy Factory

025.jpg the Paraphernalia of a Mummy Of The XXth to The Xxiind Dynasties

026.jpg the Funeral Repast—music and Dancing

027.jpg the Coffin of The Favourite Gazelle Of IsÎmkhobiu

029.jpg One of the Harpers Of The Tomb Of Ramses III.

032.jpg Paintings at the End of The Hall Of The Fifth The Tomb

033.jpg Amenothes III. At Luxor

035.jpg KhÂmhaÎt

026.jpg Sketch of a Female Acrobat

Bas-relief of Seti I., Showing Corrections Made by The Sculptor

040.jpg the Kneeling Scribe at Turin

041a.jpg Young Girl in the Turing Museum

041b.jpg the Lady Nehai

043a.jpg a Soldier

043b.jpg Statue in the Turin Museum

045.jpg Funerary Casket in the Turin Museum

046.jpg Shrine in the Turin Museum

046b.jpg the Lady Taksûhît

048.jpg the Swallow-goddess from The Theban Necropolis

049.jpg the Goddess MabÎtsakbo

060.jpg Decorated Wrappings of a Mummy

062.jpg One of the Mysterious Books Of Amon

066.jpg the Entrance to a Royal Tomb

066b.jpg One of the Hours Of The Night

074.jpg KhonsÛ* and Temple of KhonsÛ**.

075.jpg the Temple of KhonsÛ at Karnak

077.jpg the Court of The Temple Of KhonsÛ

078.jpg the Colonnade Built by ThÛtmosis III

081.jpg the Temple of Amon at Karnak

082.jpg the Two Stele-pillars at Karnak

089.jpg Ramses IX.

091.jpg Hrihor

093.jpg Zodphtahaufonkhi, Royal Son of Ramses

095.jpg Tailpiece

097.jpg Page Image

098.jpg Page Image

099.jpg Page Image

101.jpg the Tree Growing on The Tomb of Osiris

104.jpg the Phoenician Horus

105.jpg the Phoenician Thot

106.jpg One of the Most Ancient Phoenician Inscriptions

107.jpg Table of Alphabets

109.jpg Rashuf on his Lion

110.jpg a Phoenician God in his Egyptian Shrine

111.jpg AmenÔthes I. Seizing a Lion

112.jpg a Phoenician Mastaba at Arvad

113.jpg Two of the Tombs at Arvad

115.jpg the Kabr-hiram Near Tyre

117.jpg Egyptian Treatment of the Cow on a Phoenician Bowl

118.jpg the King and his Double on a Phoenician Bowl

128.jpg AzÂz—one of This Tumuli on the Ancient Hittite Plain

143.jpg the 1st Assyrian Empire—map

145.jpg the Volcanic Cone of KÔkab

149.jpg Ishtar As a Warrior Bringing Prisoners to A Conquering King

152.jpg a Village in the Mountain Districts of The Old AssÆan Kingdom

155.jpg the Sabre of Ramman-nirari

163.jpg Table

172.jpg the Dove-goddess

173.jpg an Assyrian

178.jpg a Lion-hunt

179.jpg Lion Transfixed by an Arrow

180.jpg Paintings of Chairs

181.jpg a Ubus Hunt

182.jpg Libation Poured over the Lions on The Return From The Chase

183.jpg Two Assyrian Archers

184.jpg an Assyrian War-chariot Charging the Foe

185a.jpg Harness of the Horses

185b.jpg Pikeman

188.jpg Crossing a River in Boats and on Inflated Skins

189.jpg Making a Bridge for the Passage of The Chariots

190.jpg the King's Chariot Crossing a Bridge

191.jpg the Assyrian Infantry Crossing The Mountains

193.jpg the King Crossing a Mountain in his Chariot

194.jpg an Assyrian Camp

196.jpg a Fortified Town

198.jpg the Bringing of Heads After a Battle

200.jpg the King Lets Fly Arrows at a Besieged Town

201.jpg Assyrian Sappers

202.jpg a Town Taken by Scaling

203.jpg Tortures Inflicted on Prisoners

204.jpg a Convoy of Prisoners and Captives After The Taking of a Town

205.jpg Convoy of Prisoners Bound in Various Ways

216.jpg General View of the Ruins Of Euyuk

217.jpg the Sphinx on The Right of Euyuk

218.jpg Two Blocks Covered With Bas-reliefs in the Euyuk Palace

219.jpg Mystic Scene at Euyuk

220.jpg an Asiatic Goddess

221.jpg the Asiatic Inscription of Kolitolu-yaÎla

222.jpg Double Scend of Offerings

223.jpg the Bas-relief of Ibriz

230.jpg Sacrifice Offered Before the Royal Stele

231.jpg Portions of the Sacrificial Victims Thrown Into The Water

233.jpg the Stele at Sebenneh-su

235.jpg Transport of Building Materials by Water

236.jpg Rare Animals Brought Back As Trophies by The King

237.jpg Monkey Brought Back As Tribute

239.jpg Merodach-nadin-akhi

242.jpg Table of Kings

248.jpg Lion at Makash

250.jpg Tailpiece

251.jpg Page Image

252.jpg Page Image

253.jpg Page Image

259.jpg the Amorite Astarte

261.jpg the Valley of The Jabbok, Near to Its Confluence With the Jordan

263.jpg One of the Mounds Of ÂÎn Es-sultÂn, The Ancient Jericho

264.jpg the Jordan in The Neighbourhood of Jericho

265.jpg One of the Wells Of Beersheba

268.jpg Map of Palestine in Time Of the Judges

272.jpg Moabite Warrior

275.jpg Tell

278.jpg Mount Tabor

288.jpg Mount Gerizim, With a View of Nablus

289.jpg the Town of Ascalon

292.jpg a Zakkala

294.jpg a Procession of Philistine Captives At Medinet-habu

297.jpg a Philistine Ship of War

301.jpg Tell Es-safieh, the Gath of The Philistines

304.jpg the Hill of Shiloh, Seen from The North-east

314.jpg the Wady Suweinit

319.jpg a Phoenician Soldier

324.jpg AÎd-el-ra, the Site of The Ancient Adullam

326.jpg the Desert of Judah

330.jpg the Hill of Bethshan, Seen from The East

346.jpg Mouse of Metal

353.jpg the Hebrew Kingdom

354.jpg the Site of Rabbath-amon, Seen from The West

370.jpg Map of Tyre Subsequent to Hiram

371.jpg the Breakwater of The Egyptian Harbour at Tyre

372.jpg One of Solomon's Reservoirs Near Jerusalem

374.jpg Some of the Stone Course Of Solomon's Temple At Jerusalem

377.jpg an Upright of a Door at Lachish

384.jpg King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba

387.jpg a Jewish Captive

391.jpg the Mound and Plain of Bethel.

393.jpg Table of Kings

397.jpg Table of Kings

401.jpg the Mummies of Queen MÂkerÎ and Her Child

402.jpg Table

404.jpg the Two Niles of Tanis

410.jpg a Troop of Libyans Hunting

413.jpg Nsitanibashiru

419.jpg Amon Presenting to Sheshonq the List of The Cities Captured in Israel and Judah

432.jpg the Hill of Samaria

Volume VII.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE ASSYRIAN REVIVAL AND THE STRUGGLE FOR SYRIA

CHAPTER II—TIGLATH-PILESER III. AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE ASSYRIAN

CHAPTER III—SARGON OF ASSYRIA (722-705 B.C.)

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Titlepage

002.jpg Page Image

003.jpg Page Image

006.jpg Table of Kings

009.jpg an Assyrian Horseman Armed With the Sword

010.jpg a Mounted Assyrian Archer With Attendant

012.jpg the Movable Sow Making a Breach in The Wall of A Fortress

013.jpg the Turreted Battering-ram Attacking The Walls Of A Town

014.jpg the Besieged Endeavouring to Cripple Or Destroy The Battering-ram

017.jpg the Escarpments of The Zab

021.jpg the Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Nairi

022.jpg the Site of Shadikanni at Arban, on The Khabur

024.jpg One of the Winged Bulls Found at Arban

024b.jpg No. 1. Enameled Brick (nimrod). No. 2. Fragment Of Mural Painting (nimrod).

025.jpg Stele from Arban

033.jpg the Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Zamua

037.jpg the Zab Below The Passes of Alan, The Ancient Ilaniu

044.jpg the Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Mesopotamia

050.jpg Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Syria

052.jpg Bas-relief from a Building at Sinjirli

053.jpg JibrÎn, a Village of Conical Huts, on the Plateau Of Aleppo

054.jpg the War-chariot of The KhÂti Op The Ninth Century

055.jpg the Assyrian War-chariot of The Ninth Century B.c.

056.jpg a King of the KhÂti Hunting A Lion in His Chariot

057.jpg the God Hadad

058.jpg Religious Scene Displaying Egyptian Features

067.jpg the Mounds of Calah

068.jpg Stele of Assur-nazir-pal at Calah

070.jpg the Winged Bulls Op Assur-nazir-pal

071.jpg Glazed Tile from Palace of Calah

072.jpg Lion from Assur-nazir-pal's Palace

074.jpg a Corner of the Ruined Palace Of Assur-nazir-pal

077.jpg Shalmaneser Iii.

079.jpg the Two Peaks of Mount Ararat

080.jpg End of the Harvest—cutting Straw

082.jpg the Kingdom of Uratu

083.jpg Fragment of a Votive Shield Of Urartian Work

084.jpg Site of an Urartian Town at Toprah-kaleh

085.jpg the Ruins of a Palace Of Urartu at Toprah-kaleh

086.jpg Temple of Khaldis at Muzazir

089.jpg Assyrian Soldiers Carrying off Or Destroying The Furniture of an Urartian Temple

090.jpg Shalmanesee Iii. Crossing the Mountains

093.jpg the People of Shugunia Fighting Against The Assyrians

094.jpg Prisoners from Shugunia, With Their Arms Tied And Yokes on Their Necks

094b.jpg Sacrifice Offered by Shalmaneser Iii.

095.jpg Costumes Found in the Fifth Tomb

100.jpg Shua, King of Gilzan, Bringing a War-horse Fully Caparisoned to Shalmaneser

101.jpg Dromedaries from Gilzan

102.jpg Tribute from Gilzan

105.jpg Tribute from Garparuda, King of the Patina

123.jpg the Moabite Stone of Stele Of Mesha

131.jpg Jehu, King of Israel, Sends Presents To Shalmaneser

134.jpg a Mountain Village

137.jpg Elephant and Monkeys Brought As a Tribute To Nineveh by the People of Muzbi

142.jpg Stag and Lions of the Country Of Sukhi

144.jpg the Bronze-covered Gates of BalawÀt

156.jpg Triumphal Stele of Menuas at Kelishin

164.jpg Urartian Stele on the Rocks of Ak-keupbu

169.jpg Table of the Dynasty Of The Kings Of Assyria

173.jpg Page Image

174.jpg Page Image

180.jpg a Vista of the Asianic Steppe

188.jpg Specimens of Hebrew Pottery

189.jpg Israelites of the Higher Class in The Time Of Shalmaneser Iii

190.jpg JudÆan Peasants

200.jpg Prayer at Sunset

200-text.jpg

202.jpg Egyptian Altar at Deik-el-bahari

216.jpg Map of Campaigns Of Tiglath-pileser Iii. In Media

218.jpg Principal Pak of Mount Bikni (demavend)

221.jpg View of the Mountains Which Guard The Southern Border of Uartu

226a.jpg Plan of the Ancient City Of Zinjirli.

226b.jpg One of the Gates Of Zinjirli Restored

227.jpg Bird's-eye View of the Royal Castle Of Zinjirli As Restored

232.jpg Tiglath-pileser Iii. In his State Chariot

235.jpg the Rock and Citadel of Van at The Present Day

236.jpg Entrance to the Modern Citadel of Van from The Westward

241.jpg Hebrew Inscription on the Siloam Aqueduct

242.jpg Bronze

243.jpg the Great Temple of Bubastis Duringnaville's Excavations

244.jpg Picture in the Hall of The Harps In The Fifth Tomb

245.jpg Gate of the Festival Hall at Bubastis

248.jpg Small Bronze Sphinx of Siamun

249.jpg Ruins of the Temple at Khninsu After Naville's Excavations

252.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Xxiith Dynasty

253.jpg King Petubastis at Prayer

255.jpg View of a Part Of the Ruins Of Napata

256.jpg Gebel-barkal, the Sacred Mountain of Napata

257.jpg Ruins of the Temple Of Amon at Napata

258.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Amon at Napata

260a.jpg a Nearly Pure Ethiopian Type

260b.jpg Mixed Negro and Ethiopian Type

262.jpg Map of Middle Egypt During the Campaign Of Pionkhi

262.jpg Ruins of Oxyrrhynchos and the Modern Town Of Bahnesa

266.jpg King NamrÔti Leading a Horse to PiÔnkhi

267.jpg Ruins of the Temple Of Thoth, at Hermopolis The Great

276.jpg King Tafnakhti Presents a Field to Tumu and To Bastit

282.jpg Map the Kingdom of Damascus

288.jpg Mount Hermon

289.jpg an Arab

289b.jpg List of the Kings Of Damascus

290.jpg Arab Meharis Ridden Down by the Assyrian Cavalry

292.jpg Table of This Babylonian Dynasty

294.jpg a Kaldu

298.jpg Map of the Assyrian Empire Under Tiglath-pileser Iii.

312.jpg Tiglath-pileser Iii. Besieging a Revellious City.

314.jpg a Herd of Horses Brought in As Tribute

315.jpg a Typical Cappadocian Horse

316.jpg a Syrian BÎt-khilÂni

317.jpg the Foundatins of a Bît-khil.ni

318.jpg Base of a Column at Zinjireli

320.jpg Stele Or Bel-harran-beluzur.

322.jpg Manuscript on Papyrus in Hieroglyphics

323.jpg Cone Bearing the Name of Kashta and Of His Daughter Amenertas

328.jpg the Sword Dance

333.jpg Table of Kings Of Israel

334.jpg Sargon of Assyria and his Vizier

336.jpg Tailpiece

337.jpg Page Image

338.jpg Page Image

339.jpg Page Image

343.jpg Assyrian Soldiers Pursuing Kalda Refugees in A Bed of Reeds

344.jpg a Reed-hut of the Bedawin Of Irak

346.jpg Brick Bearing the Name of The Susian King Shilkhak-inshushinak

348.jpg Bas-relief of Nakam-sin, Tkansported to Susa By Shutkuk-nakhunta

349.jpg the Great Rock Bas-relief of MalamÎr

356.jpg IaubÎdi of Hamath Being Flayed Alive.

364.jpg Taking of a Castle in Zikartu

369.jpg Taking of the City Of KishÎsim by The Assyrians

372.jpg the Town of BÎt-bagaÎa Burnt by The Assyrians

373.jpg Table of Dynasties Of Tanis and Sais

374.jpg King Bocchoris Giving Judgment Between Two Women, Rival Claimants to a Child

375.jpg Sabaco

378.jpg Taking of a Town in Urartu by the Assyrians

379.jpg the Seal of Urzana, King Of MuzazÎr

379.jpg the Assyrians Taking a Median Town

396.jpb Stele at Larnaka

398.jpg Plan of the Royal City Of Dur-sharrukÎn

400.jpg Part of the Enamelled Course Of a Gate

402.jpg Bird's Eye View of Sargon's Palace At Dur-sharrukîn

403.jpg One of the Gates Of The Palace at Dur-sharrukÎn

404.jpg Plan of the Excavated Portions Of The Palace At Dur-sharrukÎn

405.jpg One of the Bronze Lions from Dur-sharrukÎn

406.jpg a Hunting Expedition in the Woods Near Dur-sharrukÎn

408.jpg the Ziggurat at Dur-sharrukin

409.jpg Section of a Bedroom in the Harem

410.jpg Main Door of the Harem at Duk-sharrukÎn

Volume VIII.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—SENNACHERIB (705-681 B.C.)

CHAPTER II—THE POWER OF ASSYRIA AT ITS ZENITH; ESARHADDON AND ASSUR-BANI-PAL

CHAPTER III—THE MEDES AND THE SECOND CHALDÆAN EMPIRE

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Titlepage

003.jpg Page Image

011.jpg Clay Seal With Cartouche of Sabaco

017.jpg a Phoenician Galley With Two Banks of Oars

018.jpg Map of Kingdom Of Tyre, the Campaign Of Sennacherib

023.jpg Map of the Campaign Of Sennacherib in Judea

028.jpg the Pass of Legnia, in Lebanon

028b.jpg Esneh—principal Abyssinian Trading Village

030.jpg Sennacherib Receiving the Submissions of The Jews

042.jpg a Raid Among the Woods and Mountains.

048.jpg Map the Nar-marratum in The Time of Sennacherib

049.jpg the Fleet of Sennacherib on The Nar-marratum

052.jpg a Skirmish in the Marshes

054.jpg the Horse of Nergal-ushezÎb Falling in The Battle

063.jpg the Mounds of Nineveh Seen from The Terrace Of A House in Mosul

065.jpg King Sennacherib Watching the Transport of A Colossal Statue

066.jpg Assyrian Bas-reliefs at Bavian

069.jpg Great Assyrian Stele at BaviaÎt.

073.jpg an Assyrian Cavalry Raid Through the Woods

074.jpg (and 75) Transport of a Winged Bull on A Sledge.

079.jpg Sennacherib

081.jpg Page Image

082.jpg Page Image

083.jpg Page Image

087.jpg Stone Lion at HamadÂn

088.jpg View of HamadÂn and Mount Elvend in Winter

090.jpg Asia Minor in the 7th Century

095.jpg Monument Commemorative of Midas

096.jpg a Phrygian God

097.jpg the Mother-goddess Between Lions

098.jpg the Mother-goddess and Atys

099.jpg the God Men Associated With The Sun and Other Deities

101.jpg Midas of Phrygia

104.jpg the Steep Banks of The Halys Failed to Arrest Them

105.jpg View Ovek the Plain of Sardes

106.jpg the Axe Borne by Zeus Labraundos

110.jpg a Conflict With Two Griffins.

111.jpg Scythians Armed for War

115.jpg Inhabited Caves on the Banks of The Halys

131.jpg the Town of Kharkhar With Its Triple Rampart

137.jpg Shabitoku, King of Egypt

139.jpg Taharqa and his Queen DikahÎtamanu

142.jpg the Column of Taharqa, at Karnak

143.jpg the Hemispeos Op HÂthor and BÎsÛ, At Gebel-barkal

144.jpg Entrance to the Hemispeos of BÎsÛ (bes), At Gebel-barkal

145.jpg Taharqa

156.jpg Southern Promontory at the Mouth of The Nahr-el-kelb

157.jpg Stele of Esarhaddon at the Nahr-el-kelb

158.jpg Stele of Zinjirli

161.jpg Assyrian Sphinx in Egyptian Style Supporting The Base of a Column

168.jpg Assur-banipal As a Bearer of Offerings

169.jpg Sihamash-shumukin As a Bearer of Offerings

174.jpg MontumihÂÎt, Prince of Thebes

175.jpg Psammetichus

181.jpg Lydian Horsemen

187.jpg Assur-bani-pal

190.jpg Mural Decorations from the Grottoes

191.jpg King Tanuatamanu in Adoration Before the Gods Of Thebes

195.jpg Assyrian Helmet Found at Thebes

198.jpg a Lion Issuing from Its Cage

206.jpg Ituni Breaks his Bow With a Blow of His Sword, And Gives Himself up to the Executioner

206b.jpg the Battle of Tulliz

209.jpg Urtaku Cousin of TiummÂn, Surrendering to An Assyrian

210.jpg the Last Arrow of TiummÂn and his Son

211.jpg Death of TiummÂn and his Son

212.jpg Khumb.n-igash Proclaimed King

215.jpg the Head of Thumman Sent to Nineveh

216.jpg Assur-bani-pal Banqueting With his Queen

217.jpg Two Elamite Chiefs Flayed Alive After the Battle Of TullÎz

228.jpg the Eastern World in The Reign of Assur-bani-pal

235.jpg Psammetichus I.

240.jpg Battle of the Cimmerians Against The Greeks Accompanied by Their Dogs

251.jpg Statues of the Gods Carried off by Assyrian Soldiery

252.jpg the Tumulus of Suza

260.jpg Prayer in the Desert After Painting by Gerome

261.jpg Page Image

262.jpg Page Image

263.jpg Page Image

268.jpg and 269.jpg Table of Median Dynasty

274.jpg Map of the Lands Created by Ahura-mazda

269.jpg NisÆan Houses Harnessed to a Royal Chariot

280.jpg the Persian Realm

282.jpg Scene in the Mountains of Persia.

285.jpg Head of a Persian Archer

287.jpg a Persian

290.jpg a Herd of Wild Goats—a Bas-relief Of the Time Of Assur-bani-pal

290b Illustrated Manuscript in Heiroglyphics

294.jpg Remains of Assur-bani-pal's Wall at Nippur

297.jpg Medic and Persian Foot-soldiers

298.jpg a Medic Horseman

300.jpg the Assyrian Triangle

301.jpg Map of Nineveh

302.jpg Part of the Fosse at Nineveh

308.jpg Scythians Tending Their Wounded

311.jpg Iranian Soldier Fighting Against the Scythians

330. Map of the Eastern World in The Time Of Nebuchadnezzar

335.jpg Three Hoplites in Action

338.jpg Statue of a Theban Queen

347.jpg the Saite Fortress of Daphne

348a.jpg Egyptian Greek

348b.jpg Egyptian Greek

355.jpg Chamber and Sarcophagus of an Apis

356.jpg the Great Gallery of The Serapeum

358.jpg Chieck Beled—Gizeh Museum

359.jpg Memphite Bas-relief of the Saite Epoch

361.jpg the Ruins of Sais

364.jpg Decorations on the Wrappings of a Mummy.

378.jpg Victorious Necho

390.jpga View in the Mountains of The Messogis

391.jpg the Site of Priênê.

396.jpg the Ruins of Pteria

396b.jpg the Entrance to The Sanctuary of Pteria

398.jpg One of the Processions in The Ravine Of Pteria

404.jpg an Egyptian Vessel of the Saite Period

405.jpg the Ancient Head of The Red Sea, Now The Northern Extremity of the Bitter Lakes

417.jpg the Façade of The Great Temple Of Abu-simbel

422.jpg Apries, from a Sphinx in the Louvre

423.jpg Stele of Nebuchadrezzar

427.jpg Prisoners Under Torture Having Their Tongues Torn Out

428.jpg a King Putting out the Eyes of A Prisoner

430b.jpg a People Carried Away Into Captivity

430.jpg Table of the Kings Of Judah

436.jpg Bronze Lion of Bohbait

437.jpg the Small Obelisk in The Piazza Della Minerva At Home

440.jpg the Oasis of Amok and The Spring Of The Sun

440b.jpg Portion of the Ruins Of Cyrene

443.jpg Map of Lybia in the Vith Century B.c.

443b.jpg the Silphium

444.jpg Weighing Silphium in Presence of King Arkesilas

456.jpg City Defended by a Triple Wall

457.jpg Probable Section of the Triple Wall Of Babylon

458.jpg Fragment of a Babylonian Bas-relief

459.jpg Ruins of the ZiggurÂt Of The Temple Of Bel

460.jpg the Stone Lion of Babylon

Volume IX.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE IRANIAN CONQUEST

CHAPTER II—THE LAST DAYS OF THE OLD EASTERN WORLD

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Titlepage

001.jpg Page Image

002.jpg Page Image

003.jpg Page Image

012.jpg the Ahura-mazdÂ of The Bas-reliefs Of Persepolis

012b.jpg Hypostyle of Hall Of Xerxes: Detail Of Entablature

013.jpg an Iranian Genius in Form of a Winged Bull

014.jpg Ahura-mazdÂ Bestowing the Tokens of Royalty on An Iranian King

016a.jpg the Moon-god

016b.jpg God of the Wind

017a.jpg Atar the God of Fire

017b.jpg Aurvataspa

017c.jpg Mithra

018.jpg Mylitta-anÂhita

018a.jpg Nana-anÂhita

022.jpg One of the Bad Genii, Subject to AngrÔ-mainyus

023.jpg the King Struggling Against an Evil Genius

031.jpg the Two Iranian Altakrat Nakhsh-Î-rustem

032.jpg the Two Iranian Altars of Murgab

032b.jpg the Occupations of Ani in The Elysian Fields

033.jpg the Sacred Fire Burning on The Altar

039.jpg a Royal Hunting-party in Hun

042.jpg Remains of the Palace Of Ecbatana

050.jpg the Tumulus of Alyattes and The Entrance to The Passage

051.jpg One of the Lydian Ornaments in The Louvre

052.jpg Mould for Jewellery of Lydian Origin

053.jpg a Lydian Funery Couch

054a.jpg Lydian Coin Bearing a Running Fox

054b.jpg Lydian Coin With a Hare

055.jpg Lydian Coins With a Lion and Lion's Head

056a.jpg Coin Bearing Head of Mouflon Goat

056b.jpg Money of Croesus

059.jpg View of the Site and Ruins Of Ephesus

075.jpg Croesus on his Pyre

078.jpg a Persian King Fighting With Greeks

080.jpg the Present Site of Miletus

083.jpg a Lycian City Upon Its Inaccessible Rock

105.jpg Table of the Last Kings Of Ptolemy

111.jpg an Osiris Stretched Full Length on the Ground

112.jpg the Two Goddesses of Law; Ani Adoring Osiris The Trial of the Conscience; Toth and The Feather Of The Law.

113.jpg Amasis in Adoration Before the Bull Apis

114.jpg the Naos of Amasis at Thmuis

120.jpg the Present Site of Naucratis

128.jpg Cyrus the Achaemenian

129.jpg the Tomb Op Cyrus

138.jpg Psammetichus Iii.

145.jpg the Naophoros Statuette of The Vatican

147.jpg Ethiopian Gkoup

148.jpg Encampment de Bacharis

159.jpg Darius, Son of Hystaspes

166.jpg Darius Piercing a Rebel With his Lance Before A Group of Four Prisoners

174.jpg Rebels Brought to Darius by Ahura-mazd This Is The Scene Depicted on the Rock of Behistun.

175.jpg the Rocks of Behistun

181.jpg Map of the Archaemenian Strapies

186.jpg Street Vender of Curios After the Painting By Gerome.

188.jpg Daric of Darius, Son Of Hystaspes

192.jpg Funeral Offerings.

197.jpg Page Image

198.jpg Page Image

199.jpg Page Image

209.jpg a Cypriot Chariot

212a.jpg Alexander I. Of Macedon

212b.jpg a Phoenician Galley

214.jpg Map of Marathon

215.jpg the Battle-field of Marathon

219.jpg Darius on the Stele of The Isthmus

220.jpg Walls of the Fortress Of Ditsh-el-qalÂa

221.jpg the Great Temple of Darius at HabÎt

224.jpg Xerxes

227.jpg a Trireme in Motion

238.jpg Map

239.jpg the Battle-field of Plataea

247.jpg Artaxerxes

258.jpg View of the Achaemenian Ruins Of Istakhr

260.jpg the Tomb of Darius

261.jpg the Hill of The Royal Achaemenian Tombs At Nakush-i-rustem

262.jpg One of the Capitals from Susa

262b.jpg Freize of Archers at Suza

263.jpg General Ruins of Persipolis

267.jpg the Propylaea of Xerxes I. At Persepolis

268.jpg Bas-relief of the Staircase Leading to The Apadana of Xerxes

269.jpg the King on his Throne

270.jpg a View of the Apadana Of Susa, Restored

273.jpg Processional Display of Tribute Brought to The King of Persia

276.jpg Darius II.

279.jpg Cyrus the Younger

280.jpg Artaxerxes Mnemon

287.jpg Hakoris

291.jpg Pharnabazus

293.jpg Artaxerxes II.

296.jpg Datames III.

299.jpb Nectanebo I

305.jpg Evagoras II. Of Salamis

312.jpg Table of the Last Egyptian Dynasties

313.jpg Small Temple of Nectanebo, at the Southern Extremity of Philae

314.jpg Naos of Nectanebo in the Temple at Edfu

315.jpg Great Gate of Nectanebo at Karnak

316.jpg Fragment of a Naos Of the Time Of Nectanebo II. In the Bologna Museum

317.jpg One of the Lions in The Vatican

321.jpg Map of the Persian Empire

325.jpg Coins of the Satraps With Aramaean Inscriptions

326.jpg a Lycian Tomb

327b.jpg Statue of Mausolus

327a.jpg Coin of a Lycian King

328.jpg Lycian Sarcophagus Decorated With Greek Carvings

337.jpg Chaldean Seal With Aramaic Inscription

346.jpg Fountain and School of the Mother Of Little Mohamad

348.jpg Modern Mohammedan Shekhs Tombs

349.jpg Part of the Inundation in a Palm Grove

350.jpg Ephemeral Hovels of Clay Or Dried Bricks

359.jpg the Step Pyramid Seen from The Grove Op Palm Trees to the North of Saqqarah

362a.jpg Long Strings of Laden Vessels

362b.jpg the Vast Sheet of Water in The Midday Heat

363.jpg the Mountains Honeycombed With Tombs And Quarries

367.jpg Darius III.

368.jpg an Elephant Armed for War

376.jpg the Battlefield of Issus

377.jpg a Bas-relief on A Sidonian Sarcophagus

379.jpg the Isthmus of Tyre at The Present Day

382.jpg the Battle of Arbela, from The Mosaic Of Herculanum

Volume X.

CONTENTS

PREFACE

PUBLISHER'S NOTE

EGYPT UNDER THE PTOLEMIES

INTRODUCTORY ESSAY

CHAPTER I—EGYPT CONQUERED BY THE GREEKS

CHAPTER II—EGYPT UNDER PTOLEMY SOTER

CHAPTER III.—PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS. B.C. 284-246

CHAPTER IV—PTOLEMY EUERGETES, PTOLEMY PHILOPATOR, AND PTOLEMY

CHAPTER V—PTOLEMY PHILOMETOR AND PTOLEMY EUERGETES II.

CHAPTER VI—THE GROWTH OF ROMAN INFLUENCE IN EGYPT

CHAPTER VII—CLEOPATRA AND HER BROTHERS

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

001.jpg Page Image

002.jpg Page Image

015.jpg Page Image—alexandria

019.jpg Transporting Grain on the Nile

021.jpg Phtah the God of Memphis

027.jpg Lighthouse at Alexandria

031.jpg Page Image

036.jpg the DÔm Palm.

040.jpg a Silhouette on the Nile

044.jpg Crocodiles Basking in the Sun

049.jpg a Theban Belle

049b.jpg Prayer to Isis

052.jpg Tombs of the Sacred Bulls

055.jpg the God Serapis

056.jpb Manuscript on Papyrus; Hieroglyphics, Thebes

057.jpg Alexander Adoring Horus

062.jpg on the Coast of The Red Sea

081.jpg Alexandrian Lady, Attired in Bombyx Silk

082.jpg Egyptian Coinage

083.jpg Coin of Soter, With Jupiter

092.jpg the Chariot of Antiphilus

095.jpg Berenice Soter

098.jpg Nit, Goddess of Sais.

099.jpg a Cat Mummy

100.jpg Tailpiece

101.jpg Page Image

102.jpg Pharos in Old Alexandria

106.jpg Bronze Cosmetic Holder

112.jpg Rosetta Branch of the Nile

116.jpg Temple of Philae

118.jpg Anubis, God of the Lower World

120.jpg at the Head of The Red Sea

123.jpg the Cararact on The Aswan

128.jpg an Athlete Disporting on a Crocodile

131.jpg Modern Sphinx-like Face

137.jpg Method of Egyptian Draftsmanship

141.jpg Coin With the Heads of Soter and Philadelphus And Arsinoë

142.jpg Coin With the Heads of Soter, Philadelphus And Berenice

143.jpg Coin of ArsinoË, Sister Of Ptolemy II.

149.jpg a Typical Nile Pilot

153.jpg Page Image

157.jpg an Abyssinian Slave

160b.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments from the Fifth Tomb

161.jpg Gate at Karnak

163.jpg Ruins of Sais

169.jpg Gateway of Ptolemy Euergetes at Karnak

175.jpg Coin of Ptolemy III.

176.jpg Coin of Berenice, Wife Of Ptolemy III.

187.jpg Temple of Hathor.

188jpg Coin of Ptolemy Philopater

189.jpg Coin of Arsinoe Philopate

196.jpg Roman Coin, Issued Under Ptolemy V.

201.jpg the Rosetta Stone (british Museum)

207.jpg Outside Rosetta

210.jpg a Desert Road Between Egypt and Syria.

212.jpg Tailpiece

215.jpg Page Image

219.jpg Temple of Hermonthis.

223.jpg Garden Near Heliopolis

227.jpg Temple of Apollonopolis

234.jpg the Apotheosis of Homer

235.jpg Hero's Rotating Steam Engine

237.jpg Coin of Ptolemy V.

241.jpg Temple of Hathor at Philae

242b.jpg Color Plate

249.jpg Obelisk at Heliopolis

254.jpg Nilometer at Rhodha

256b.jpg Suk El Saleh, Cairo

260.jpg Temple of Kom Ombo.

268.jpg Temple Portico at Contra-latopoli

274.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Alexander

275.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Alexander, With Eagles

276.jpg the Memnonium at Thebes

280.jpg Coin of Ptolemy Lathyrus and Selene.

287.jpg Horus on the Crocodiles. Bulak Museum.

289.jpg Religious Procession on the Nile

291.jpg Egyptian Funeral Ceremonies

293.jpg Mummy, Mummy-cases, and Casket

295.jpg Development of Egyptian Caricature

297.jpg the Mines of Maghara

309.jpg Vocal Statue of Memnon

312.jpg the Sphinx

314.jpg

314b.jpg Bearers of Evil Tidings

315.jpg Page Image

317.jpg Pillar of Pompey at Alexandria

333.jpg Ruins of Hermonthis

338.jpg Egyptian Picture of Cleopatra

346.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Anthony

347.jpg Later Coin of Cleopatra and Antony.

351.jpg Greek Picture of Cleopatra

357.jpg Grand Column at Karnak

362.jpg Cleopatra's Needle.

364.jpg Graeco-egyptian Column

Volume XI.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—EGYPT UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE

CHAPTER II.—THE CHRISTIAN PERIOD IN EGYPT

CHAPTER III.—EGYPT DURING THE MUHAMMEDAN PERIOD

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

001.jpg Page Image

002.jpg Page Image

003.jpg Page Image

007.jpg Plan of Alexandria

011.jpg the Nilometer at Elephantine

016.jpg on the Edge of The Desert

018.jpg a Koptic Maiden

022b.jpg Fragments in Wood Painted

024.jpg Temple at Tentyra, Enlarged by Roman Architects

027.jpg on the Banks of The Nile.

029.jpg Bedouin Tent in the Desert

041.jpg Egyptian Threshing-machine

047.jpg an Arab Girl

051.jpg Farming in Egypt

056.jpg Egyptian Threshing Machine

057.jpg Maltese Coin

058.jpg Coin of Cossyra

059.jpg Coin of Nero

063.jpg Ethiopian Arabs

078b.jpg Scene in a Sepuuchral Chamber

080.jpg Harpocrates

081.jpg Coins of Domitian

082.jpg Coin of Nerva

083.jpg Trinity of Isis, Horus and Nephthys

084.jpg Coins of Trajan

086.jpg Egyptian Wig (british Museum)

089.jpg Antoninian Temple Near Sinai

095.jpg Commemorative Coin of Antinous

097.jpg Rose-coloured Lotus

099.jpg Vocal Statue of Amenhothes

100b..jpg the Slumber Song

102.jpg Egyptian Oracle

106.jpg Koptic Charm and Scarabeus

107.jpg Gnostic Gem

108.jpg Gems Showing Symbol of Death and the Word [Îah Javeh

109.jpg Hadrian's Egyptian Coins

112.jpg Coins of Antoninus Pius.

115.jpg Statue of the Nile

117.jpg Coins of Marcus Aurelius

120.jpg Alexandrian Forms of Writing

122.jpg a Snake-charmer

123.jpg the Sign of Nobility

125.jpg Cartouche of Commodus

126.jpg the Anubis Staff

128.jpg Canopic Jars

130.jpg Religious Procession

131.jpg Shrine

135.jpg Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, and Demotic Writing

138b.jpg a Native of Aswan

139b.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb

149.jpg a Modern Scribe

151.jpg Symbol of Egypt

155.jpg a Harem Window

158b.jpg Egyptian Slave

59.jpg Coins of Zenobia

161.jpg Coin of Athenodorus

164.jpg Street Vendors in Metal Ware

165.jpg Coin of Domitianus With Latin Inscription

167.jpg Coin of Severina

169.jpg Coin of Trajan's Second Legion

179.jpg Symbol of Mithra

184.jpg Dome Palm of Upper Egypt

187.jpg Page Image

199.jpg the Island of Rhodha

213.jpg Temple of Abu Simbel in Nubia

220.jpg Coin of Constantius

225.jpg a Young Egyptian Wearing the Royal Lock

231.jpg an Egyptian Water-carrier

237.jpg Remains of a Christian Church in the Temple Of Luxor

243.jpg Temple Courtyard, Medinet Abu

248.jpg Christian Picture at Abu Simbe

250.jpg Manfaloot, Showing the Height of The Nile In Summer

257.jpg Quarries at Toorah on the Nile

258b.jpg Street and Mosque of Mahdjiar

264.jpg Ramses Ii. And St. Peter

267.jpg the Papyrus Plant

271.jpg Arabs Resting in the Desert

279.jpg Isis As the Dog-star

285.jpg Street Sprinkler at Alexandria

291.jpg Illustrations from Copy of Dioscoride

302.jpg Fortress Near Mount Sinai

307.jpg Pyramid of Medum

313.jpg a Modern House in the Delta at Rosetta

316.jpg Coins of Justinian

322.jpg Tailpiece

323.jpg Page Image

325.jpg Coins of Ali abd Omar

329.jpg Old Cairo (fostat)

333.jpg a Modern Kopt

335.jpg Mosque of Amr

337a.jpg Coin of Abu Bekr

337b.jpg Coin of Othman

338.jpg Coin of Malik

339.jpg Citadel of Cairo (fostat).

341.jpg a Crocodile Used As A Talisman

347.jpg Door of an Arabian House.

349.jpg a Veiled Beauty

351.jpg Tomb of a Sheikh

356.jpg the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Cairo.

359.jpg Sanctuary of the Mosque Of Ibn Tulun

361.jpg the Mosque of Ibn Tulun

365.jpg Coin of Abu Bekr.

371.jpg Mosque Tomb Near Syene

379.jpg Mosque of Hakim

383.jpg Mustanssir's Gate at Cairo

Volume XII.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I—THE CRUSADERS IN EGYPT

CHAPTER II.—THE FRENCH IN EGYPT

CHAPTER III.—THE RULE OF MEHEMET ALI

CHAPTER IV—THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN EGYPT

CHAPTER V.—THE WATER WAYS OF EGYPT

CHAPTER VI—THE DECIPHERMENT OF THE HIEROGLYPHS

CHAPTER VII—THE DEVELOPMENT OF EGYPTOLOGY

CHAPTER VIII.—IMPORTANT RESEARCHES IN EGYPT

List of Illustrations

Spines

Cover

Frontispiece Collection of Vases

001.jpg Page Image

002.jpg Page Image

003.jpg Page Image

007.jpg Arabic Decorative Painting

013.jpg Enamelled Glass Cup from Arabia

015.jpg Gate of El Futuh at Cairo

019.jpg Arab Drinking-vessels

025.jpg Vase in the Abbott Collection, New York

027.jpg Public Fountain, Cairo.

032b.jpg

038.jpg Court in the Moristan of The Kilawun

043.jpg Window in the Mausoleum of Kilawun

049.jpg Interior of the Mosque, Kilawun

055.jpg Frieze in Mosque of Sultan Hasan

059.jpg Inside the Mosque of Hassan

063.jpg Mosque of Berkuk

065.jpg the Tomb of Berkuk

067.jpg a Title-page of the Koran Of The Time Of Shaban

069.jpg Prayer-niche in the Mosque of The Sultan Mahmudi

071.jpg Ornamental Page from a Koran of the Fourteenth Century

073.jpg Mosque of Kait Bey, Cairo

076.jpg Wadi Feiran, in the Sinai Peninsula

077.jpg Mausoleum of El-ghuri

080b.jpg Bonaparte in Egypt

080.jpg

081.jpg Page Image

083 Bedouins in the Desert

091.jpg the Prophet Muhammed

097.jpg Street Dogs

Gathering Dates

112.jpg A Fountain at Cairo

116b.jpg Cairo—Eskibieh Quarter

119.jpg Cairo from the Left Bank of The Nile

124.jpg Statue of General Kleber at Strasburg

130.jpg A Modern Fanatic

137.jpg Citadel of Cairo

141.jpg Page Image

151.jpg Mosque of Mehemit Ali

157.jpg the Cotton Plant

161.jpg a Distinguished Egyptian Jew

165.jpg Mosque of Muad at Cairo

169.jpg a Muhammedan Praying Priest

153.jpg Egyptian Harmem

179.jpg Harbor of the Bulak

185.jpg a Fellah Plowing

187.jpg Arabs at a Desert Spring

190.jpg Part of Cairo, Showing the

Mulqufs on The Houses Of Modern Egypt

191.jpg Page Image

195.jpg the Khedive Tewfik

201.jpg Palace Op the Khedive at Alexandria

204.jpg Osman Digna

207.jpg Mosque of the Ibriham at Desuk

210.jpg Lord Kitchener of Khartum

218.jpg Slave Boats on the Nile

223.jpg Viscount Cromer (sir Evelyn Baring)

227.jpg Bazar in Aswan

232.jpg Mosque of El Ghuri at Cairo

235.jpg Page Image

237.jpg the Plain of Thebes

240b.jpg Harbour at Suez

241.jpg the Nile Barrage

245.jpg Scale of the Nilometer

247.jpg a Modern Sakieh

251.jpg Hieroglyphic Record of an Ancient Canal

259.jpg Ferdinand de Lesseps

263.jpg the Opening of The Suez Canal

269.jpg Approach to Philae

277.jpg the Main Stream of The Nile

283.jpg the Ferry at Old Cairo

291.jpg Examples of Phoenecian Porcelain

293.jpg Page Image

296.jpg Jean Francois Champollion

298.jpg Page Image

299.jpg Page Image

301.jpg Determinative Signs

302a.jpg Hieroglyphics

302b.jpg Hieroglyphics

303.jpg Hieroglyphics

309.jpg Table of Comparative Symbols

318.jpg Tailpiece

318b.jpg Phoenician Jewlery

321.jpg Page Image

321.jpg the Great Hall of Abydos

322.jpg Propylon at Denderah

324.jpg Types of Egyptian Columns: 1, 2, 3, Geometric;

6-11, Botanical; 4, 5, 12, Hathoric.

336.jpg Ruins at Luxor

347.jpg the Lotus Flower Nymphaea Lotus

357.jpg Page Image

361.jpg Plan of the Royal Tombs As Abydos

362.jpg Table of Ancient Rulers *

363a.jpg Table of Chronology Of Early Kings

363b.jpg Table of Kings

364.jpg Enlarged Plan of First Dynasty Tombs

366.jpg Ebony Tablet of King Aha-mena

368.jpg Tomb of Zer, 4700 B.c.

372.jpg Tomb of Zet, Circa 4700 B.c.

377.jpg Plans of the Tombs Of Den-setui and Others

379.jpg Tablet of Den-setui, 4600 B.c.

380.jpg Architectural Drawing, B.c. 4600.

381.jpg Ivory Panel of Den-setui, 4600 B.c.

382.jpg Stairway in the Tomb Azab

384.jpg Tomb of Mersekha, Showing Wooden Floor

385.jpg Plan of Tomb Of Qa, Circa 4500 B.c.

386.jpg Style of King Qa

389.jpg Stone Chamber of Khasekhemui

391.jpg Gold-capped Vases and Gold Bracelets

393.jpg General Plan of Buildings at Abydos

395.jpg Wall of Usirtasen I.

395.jpg Ivory Statuette of First Dynasty King

398.jpg Ivory Statuette of Khufvi.

399.jpg Carved Ivory Lion

400.jpg Ancient Egyptian Arrows

401.jpg Miscellaneous Copper Objects

402a.jpg Ivory Comb, B. C. 4800

402b.jpg Corn-grinder and Three-sided Bowl

403.jpg Types of Prehistoric and First Dynasty Pottery

404a.jpg Pottery Marks

404b.jpg Pottery Forms from Abydos

405.jpg Three Types of Sealings

406.jpg a Sealing Showing Jars

407.jpg Accounts on Pottery, B.C. 4600

408.jpg Unique Instance of a Dissected Burial

Volume XIII.

Contents </p

PUBLISHERS' NOTE

PREFACE

EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA

CHAPTER I—THE DISCOVERY OF PREHISTORIC EGYPT

CHAPTER II—ABYDOS AND THE FIRST THREE DYNASTIES

CHAPTER III—MEMPHIS AND THE PYRAMIDS

CHAPTER IV—RECENT EXCAVATIONS IN WESTERN ASIA AND THE DAWN OF CHALDÆAN HISTORY

CHAPTER V—ELAM AND BABYLON, THE COUNTRY OF THE SEA AND THE KASSITES

CHAPTER VI—EARLY BABYLONIAN LIFE AND CUSTOMS

CHAPTER VII—TEMPLES AND TOMBS OF THEBES

CHAPTER VIII—THE ASSYRIAN AND NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRES IN THE LIGHT OF

CHAPTER IX—THE LAST DAYS OF ANCIENT EGYPT

List of Illustrations

Book Spines

Frontispiece1

Frontispiece1-text

Titlepage1

Versa1

007.jpg the Bed of an Ancient Watercourse in The Wadiyên, Thebes.

008.jpg Palaeolithic Implements of the Quaternary Period. From the Desert Plateau and Slopes West of Thebes.

009.jpg (right): Palaeolithic Implements. From Man, March, 1905.

012.jpg Upper Desert Plateau, Where Paleolithic Implements Are Found, Thebes: 1,400 Feet Above the Nile.

014.jpg Flint Knife

017.jpg (right) Buff Ware Vase, Predynastic Period, Before 4000 B.c.

027.jpg Camp of the Expedition Of The University Of California at Nag' Ed-dêr, 1901.

038.jpg Portion of the "Stele Of Vultures" Found At Telloh

038-text.jpg

041greek.jpg

050.jpg (left) Obverse of a Slate Relief.

051.jpg (right)

052.jpg Obverse of a Slate Relief.

053.jpg Reverse of a Slate Relief, Representing Animals.

054.jpg

060.jpg Prof. Petrie's Camp at Abydos, 1901.

065.jpg (right) the Tomb of King Den at Abydos. About 4000 B.c.

067.jpg Conical Vase-stoppers. From Abydos. 1st Dynasty: About 4000 B.c.

082.jpg the Tomb of King Tjeser at Bêt KhallÂf. About 3700 B.C.

086.jpg False Door of the Tomb Of Teta, About 3600 B.C.

089.jpg the Shunet Ez-zebib: The Fortress-town, About 3900 B.C.

100.jpg Statue No. 1 of the Cairo Museum, About 3900 B.c.

109.jpg Exterior of the Southern Brick Pyramid Of Dashur

111.jpg the Pyramids of Giza During The Inundation.

125.jpg (greek Word)

126.jpg (greek Word)

147.jpg List of Archaic Cuneiform Signs.

150.jpg Fragment of a List Of Archaic Cuneiform Signs.

154.jpg Obelisk of Manishtusu.

160.jpg Babil.

160a.jpg "Stele of Victory"

160a-text.jpg Text for "Stele of Victory"

161.jpg Roughly Hewn Sculpture of a Lion Standing over A Fallen Man, Found at Babylon.

163.jpg General View of the Excavations on The Kasr At Babylon.

165.jpg Within the Palace of Nebuchadnezzar II.

166.jpg Excavations in the Temple Op Ninib at Babylon.

167.jpg the Principal Mound of Birs Nimrud, Which Marks The Site of the Ancient City Op Borsippa.

168.jpg the Principal Mound at Shekghat, Which Marks The Site of Ashuk, the Ancient Capital Of The Assyrians.

169.jpg the Mound of Kuyunjik, Which Formed One Of The Palace Mounds of the Ancient Assyrian City Of Nineveh.

170.jpg Winged Bull in the Palace of Sennacherib On Kuyunjik, the Principal Mound Marking The Site of Nineveh.

172.jpg Clay Memorial-tablet of Eannadu.

175.jpg Marble Gate

188.jpg Stone Gate

190.jpg Statue of Gudea.

192.jpg Tablet Inscribed in Sumerian With Details of A Survey of Certain Property.

Book Spines

Frontispiece1

Frontispiece1-text

Titlepage1

230.jpg Clay Tablet, Found at Susa, Bearing An Inscription in the Early Proto-elamite Character.

231.jpg Clay Tablet, Recently Found at Susa, Bearing An Inscription in the Early Proto-elamite Character.

231a.jpg Fractions

233.jpg Block of Limestone, Found at Susa, Bearing Inscriptions of Karibu-sha-shushinak.

240.jpg Brick Stamped With an Inscription Of Kudur-maburg

245.jpg Semitic Babylonian Contract-tablet

256.jpg a Kudurru Or "boundary-stone."

260.jpg Kuottrru, Or "boundary-stone."

264a.jpg Upper Part of the Stele Of Hammurabi, King Of Babylon.

280.jpg Clay Contract Tablet and Its Outer Case

282.jpg a Track in the Desert.

283.jpg a Camping-ground in the Desert, Between Birejik And Urfa.

284.jpg Approach to the City of Samarra, Situated on The Left Bank of the Tigris.

285.jpg a Small Caravan in the Mountains of Kurdistan.

286.jpg the City of Mosul.

287.jpg the Village of Nebi Yunus.

288.jpg Portrait-sculpture of Hammurabi, King Of Babylon

293.jpg a Modern Machine for Irrigation on The Euphrates.

297.jpg Kaiks, Or Native Boats on the Euphrates At Birejie.

298.jpg the Modern Bridge of Boats Across The Tigris Opposite Mosul.

299.jpg a Small Kelek, or Raft, Upon the Tigris At Baghdad.

Book Spines

Frontispiece1

Frontispiece1-text

Titlepage1

320.jpg Statue of Mera

324.jpg XIth Dynasty Wall: Dêr El-bahari.

325.jpg XVIIIth Dynasty Wall, Dbr El-bahari.

326.jpg Excavation of the North Lower Colonnade Of The XIth Dynasty Temple, Der El-bahari, 1904.

327.jpg Granite Threshold and Octagonal Sandstone Pillars

328.jpg Excavation of the Tomb Of a Priestess,

330.jpg Cases of Antiquities Leaving Dêr El-bahari For Transport to Cairo.

331.jpg Shipping Cases of Antiquities on Board the Nile Steamer at Luxor, for the Egypt Exploration Fund.

338.jpg Statue of Queen Teta-shera

344.jpg the Two Temples of Des El-bahari. Excavated By Prof. Naville, 1893-8 and 1903-6, for the Egypt Exploration Fund

346.jpg the Upper Court and Trilithon Gate

350.jpg the Tomb-mountain of Amenhetef III, in The Western Valley, Thebes.

356.jpg the Tomb-hill of Shekh 'abd El-kubna, Thebes.

358.jpg Wall-painting from a Tomb

360.jpg Fresco in the Tomb of Senmut at Thebes. About 1500 B.C.

368.jpg Page Image to Display Greek Words

369.jpg Page Image to Display Greek Words

372.jpg the Valley of The Tombs Of The Queens at Thebes.

374.jpg the Nile-bank at Luxor

376.jpg the Great Temple Of Kaknak.

379.jpg the Great Temple Of Kaknak.

381.jpg Portrait-group of a Great Noble and his Wife

382.jpg a Tomb Fitted up As an Explorer's Residence.

387.jpg

396.jpg Stone Object Bearing a Votive Inscription Of Arik-den-ilu.

397.jpg Entrance Into One of the Galleries Or Tunnels Cut Into the Principal Mound at Sherghat.

408.jpg Stone Tablet. Bearing an Inscription Of Tukulti-ninib I

410.jpg the Ziggurat, Or Temple Tower, of The Assyrian City of Calah.

413.jpg Work in Progress on One of the Rock-inscriptions Of Sennacherib

414.jpg the Principal Rock Sculptures in The Gorge of The Gomel

415.jpg the Rock and Citadel of Van.

417.jpg Ancient Flight of Steps and Gallery on the Face Of the Rock-citadel of Van.

419.jpg Part of the Ancient Fortifications Of The City Of Van, Between the Citadel and The Lake.

425.jpg Within the Shrine Of E-makh, The Temple Of The Goddess Nin-makh.

426.jpg Trench in the Babylonian Plain

447.jpg the Great Dam of Aswan

449.jpg the Kiosk at Philae in Process of Underpinning And Restoration, January, 1902.

450.jpg the Ancient Quay Of PhilÆ, November, 1904.

452.jpg the Rook of Konosso in January, 1902, Before The Building of the Dam and Formation Of The Reservoir.

454.jpg the Isle of Konosso, With Its Inscriptions

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Table of Contents

History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria GASTON MASPERO

(1846-1916)

AN ON-LINE INDEX

Edited by David Widger

Project Gutenberg Editions

CONTENTS

Click on the ## before each title to go directly to a linked index of the detailed chapters and illustrations

VOLUMES, CHAPTERS AND STORIES

Volume I.

Volume II.

Volume III.

Volume IV.

Volume V.

Volume VI.

Volume VII.

Volume VIII.

Volume IX.

Volume X.

Volume XI.

Volume XII.

Volume XIII.

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE